Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Online ISBN: 9780470011539
DOI: 10.1002/047001153X
Editors & Contributors
Volume Editors
Genetics
Lynn B. Jorde
Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 N 2030 E, Room 2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5330, USA
Genomics
Peter F. R. Little
Professor of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
Proteomics
Michael J. Dunn
SFI Research Professor of Biomedical Proteomics, Proteome Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Bioinformatics
Shankar Subramaniam
Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Bioengineering, San Diego Supercomputing Center, Dept 0505, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Section Editors
Genetics
David B. Goldstein, University College London, UK
Terry Hassold, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
Robert Nicholls, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
Benjamin Tycko, Columbia University, New York, USA
Nancy J. Cox, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
Leena Peltonen, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland
Bruce Korf, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Olivier Danos, Genethon, Evry, France
Genomics
Bruce A. Roe, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
Marco A. Marra, Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, Canada
Richard K. Wilson, Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University, St. Louis, USA
Steve D. M. Brown, MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, UK
Julian Parkhill, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
Mark Daly, Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research, Massachusetts, USA
Winston Hide, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
John Quackenbush, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, USA
Proteomics
Peter James, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
Stephen Pennington, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Pierre Legrain, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, CEA, France
Jeremy M. Tavare, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Pauline M. Rudd, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Rolf Apweiler, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
David Westhead, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Raimond L. Winslow, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Bioinformatics
Adam Kuspa, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
Steven L. Salzberg, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, USA
L Aravind, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
Harris Lewin, Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
John Quackenbush, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, USA
William Ramsay Taylor, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, USA
Peter Clote, Boston College, Massachusetts, USA
Contributors
- Gonçalo Abecasis, University of Michigan, USA
- James H. Aborn, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Brett S. Abrahams, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
- Mark D. Adams, Case Western Reserve University, USA
- James W. Ajioka, Cambridge University, UK
- Marina Alexandersson, Chalmers Science Park, Sweden
- Chris Allan, University of Dundee, UK
- Russ B. Altman, Stanford University Medical Center, USA
- Peter Amgen, Lund University, Sweden
- Jean A. Amos, Specialty Laboratories, USA
- Leif Andersson, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Björn Andersson, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
- Siv G. E. Andersson, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Miguel Andrade, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Canada
- Miguel Aon, The Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Samuel Aparicio, University of Cambridge, UK
- Ben J. Appelmelk, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
- Rolf Apweiler, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- L Aravind, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Nicoletta Archidiacono, DAPEG Sezione di Genetica, Italy
- Yalini Arinaminpathy, The University of Oxford, UK
- Sviatlana A. Astrautsova, Medical University of Grodno, Belarus
- Teresa K. Attwood, The University of Manchester, UK
- Arthur S. Aylsworth, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Rajeev Azad, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
- M. Madan Babu, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
- Joel S. Bader, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Vineet Bafna, University of California at San Diego, USA
- Joan E. Bailey-Wilson, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Amos Bairoch, CMU, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Vladimir B. Bajic, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
- David Baker, University of Washington, USA
- Hazel Baker, University of Warwick, UK
- Patricia Baker
- Pierre Baldi, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Rosamonde E. Banks, Cancer Research UK Clnical Centre, UK
- George Banting, University of Bristol, UK
- Winona C. Barker, National Biomedical Research Foundation, USA
- Alan Barrett, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Mark P. Barrow, University of Warwick, UK
- Robert H. Bateman, Micromass UK Ltd., UK
- Serafim Batzoglou, Stanford University, USA
- Anaïs Baudot, CNRS INSERM Université de la Méditerranée, France
- Daniel A. Beard, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
- Mark A. Beaumont, University of Reading, UK
- Sean Bechhofern, The University of Manchester, UK
- Roderick L. Beijersbergen, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
- Robin L. Bennett, University of Washington, UK
- Simon T. Bennett, Solexa Limited, UK
- Christopher Bennett, University College London, UK
- Casey M. Bergman, University of Cambridge, UK
- Helen Berman, Rutgers University, USA
- Giorgio Bernardi, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Italy
- Richard Bertram, Florida State University, USA
- Shalini Bhardwaj, University of Kuopio, Finland
- Chengpeng Bi, University of Missouri - Kansas City, USA
- Jadwiga Bienkowska, Serono Reproductive Biology, USA
- Leslie G. Biesecker, National Human Genome Research Institute , USA
- Joseph R. Biggio Jr., University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Wilbert Bitter, VUMC Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Seth Blackshaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
- Marnie E. Blewitt, University of Sydney, Australia
- Maria F. Bonaldo, University of Iowa, USA
- Erich Bornberg-Bauer, The Westphalian Wilhelm's University of Münster, Germany
- Mark Borodovsky, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
- Guillaume Bourque, Genome Institute of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Michel Bouvier, Université de Montréal, Canada
- James R. Bradford, University of Leeds, UK
- Paul Michael Bradley, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Kelly J. Branda, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- Jason O. Brant, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA
- Andy Brass
- Nicolas Bray, U.C. Berkeley, USA
- Alvis Brazma, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Volker Brendel, Iowa State University, USA
- Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Simon Fraser University, Canada
- Elizabeth T. Brooke-Powell, Cambridge University, UK
- Susan Brooks, Oxford Brookes University, UK
- Angela R. Brooks-Wilson, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
- Roland Brosch, Institut Pasteur, France
- Carolyn Brown, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Douglas E. Brown, Cambridge University, UK
- Marcel P. Bruchez, Quantum Dot Corporation, USA
- Christine Brun, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie du Développement CNRS, France
- Anne V. Buchanan, Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Christian J. Buchholz, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany
- Carol Bult, The Jackson Laboratory, USA
- Jean-Marie Burel, University of Dundee, UK
- William I. Burkitt, University of Warwick, UK
- Atul Butte, Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
- Connie Byrne, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Gerard Cagney, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Dolores J. Cahill, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
- Valerie S. Calvert, FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, USA
- Fabio Candotti, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Vincent Carey, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA
- Jane M. Carlton, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Kristin S. Caruana, Duke University, USA
- Tony Cass, Imperial College London, UK
- Marvin Cassman, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Maria G. Castro, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Leo S.D. Caves, University of York, UK
- Lucio Cetto, The Mathworks, Inc, USA
- Fanny Chagnon, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Canada
- Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA
- Ting-Fung Chan, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Samuel C.Y.Chang, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Fadi Charchar, University of Glasgow, UK
- Min Chen, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Vivian G. Cheung, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Lounès Chikhi, Université Paul Sabatier, France
- Asif Chinwalla, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Ann Chittenden, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- Susan L. Christian, University of Chicago, USA
- Alan G. Christoffels, National University of Singapore
- Tzu-Ming Chu, SAS Institute Inc., USA
- Dmitry M. Chudakov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Christopher G. Chute, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, USA
- Klaus Cichutek, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Germany
- Jennifer I. Clark, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Peter Clote, Boston College, USA
- Christian Cole, UMIST, UK
- Frédéric Colland, Hybrigenics, France
- David A. Collier, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
- Andrew Collins, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- James J. Collins, Boston University, USA
- John G. Conboy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
- Caoimhín G. Concannon, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, UK
- William O. C. Cookson, The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, UK
- Anthony P. Corfield, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
- Sonia Cortassa, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
- Paula C. Cosper, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Robert J. Cotter, The Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Nancy J. Cox, The University of Chicago, USA
- Roger D. Cox, Medical Research Council Harwell, UK
- C. Jeremy Craven, University of Sheffield, UK
- John A. Crolla, Salisbury Health Care NHS Trust, UK
- Aedín C. Culhane, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Richard D. Cummings, University of Oklahoma Health Science Centre, USA
- Deborah S. Cunningham, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, UK
- James P. Curley, University of Cambridge, UK
- Michael E. Cusick, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- Gabriela da Silva Xavier, University of Bristol, UK
- Chris Dagdigian, BioTeam Inc., USA
- Vincent Daubin, University of Arizona, USA
- Stephen O. David, GE Healthcare, UK
- John Davies, University of Oxford, UK
- Jean Davoust, Genethon, France
- Elfride De Baere, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
- Edouard De Castro, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Sandro J. de Souza, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brazil
- Rebecca Deadman, GE Healthcare, USA
- Paul H. Dear, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
- Kirill Degtyarenko, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Claire M. Delahunty, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
- Shibing Deng, SAS Institute Inc., USA
- Caitriona Dennis, Wadsworth Center, USA
- Peter J. Derrick, University of Warwick, UK
- Maria Descartes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Bernie Devlin, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
- Thomas J. Diefenbach, Tufts University School of Medicine, USA
- Kevin Dobbin, National Cancer Institute, USA
- Kara Dolinsky, Princeton University, USA
- Anna F. Dominiczak, University of Glasgow, UK
- Peter Donnelly, University of Oxford, UK
- Nick Dorrell, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
- Andrew W. Dowsey, Imperial College London, UK
- Sorin Draghici, Wayne State University, USA
- Andreas Dress, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Germany
- Michael Driscoll, Boston University, USA
- Inna Dubchak, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA
- Marie-Pierre Dubé, University of Montreal, Canada
- Heiko Duessmann, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, UK
- Michael J. Dunn, University College Dublin, UK
- Richard Durbin, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Miriam V. Dwek, University of Westminster, UK
- Raymond A. Dwek, University of Oxford, UK
- Sigrid Eckardt, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- André Eggen, INRA – CRJ, France
- Daniel J. Ehrlich, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Evan E. Eichler, University of Washington School of Medicine, USA
- David Eisenberg, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
- Birgit Eisenhaber, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Austria
- Frank Eisenhaber, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Austria
- Sameh A. El-Difrawy, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Greg Elgar, MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomic Research, UK
- Tamao Endo, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
- Jimmy K. Eng, Institute for Systems Biology, USA
- Harald Engelhardt, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Germany
- Sarah Ennis, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Maria Ermolaeva, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Virginia Espina, National Cancer Institute, USA
- Tina A. Eyre, University College London, UK
- Andrea Falconi, University of Dundee, UK
- Marni Falk, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, USA
- Daniel Falush, Oxford University, UK
- Xuemin Fang, Harvard, USA
- Melissa J. Fazzari, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
- David Fenyo, GE Healthcare, USA
- Fabrizio Ferre, Boston College, USA
- Krzysztof Fidelis, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Alan Filipski, Arizona Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, USA
- Robert Finn, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Susan Firbank, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Sorel T. Fitz-Gibbon, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
- Claire M. Fraser, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Franca Fraternali, National Institute for Medical Research, UK
- Dmitrij Frishman, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Carl W. Fuller, GE Healthcare, USA
- Martin Fussenegger, ETH Hoenggerberg, Switzerland
- Hans-Henrik Fuxelius, Uppsala University, Sweden
- Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Pedro AF. Galante, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brazil
- Catherine V. Gale, Virus Genomics & Bioinformatics Group, UK
- Francis Galibert, UMR 6061 Faculté de Médecine, France
- Alexandra Gampel, University of Bristol, UK
- Timothy S. Gardner, Boston University, USA
- Dominique Gauguier, University of Oxford, UK
- Anna Gaulton, University of Manchester, UK
- Mathieu Gautier, INRA - CRJ, France
- Mikhail S. Gelfand, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russia
- Robert Gentleman, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- Andrew J. Gentles, Stanford University, USA
- Christopher Gerner, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Daniel H. Geschwind, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
- Greg Gibson, North Carolina State University, USA
- Steven R. Gill, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Elizabeth A. Gismondi, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Kenneth A. Giuliano, Cellumen, Inc., USA
- Jeremy D. Glasner, University of Wisconsin, USA
- Carole A. Goble, University of Manchester, UK
- Clara Goday, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Spain
- Richard A. Goldstein, National Institute for Medical Research, UK
- Michelle E. Goldsworthy, Medical Research Council Harwell, UK
- Susanne M. Gollin, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, USA
- Mark O. Goodarzi, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Robert J. A. Goode, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Australia
- Siamon Gordon, University of Oxford, UK
- Steven V. Gordon, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, UK
- Angelika Görg, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Claudia Gosele, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Germany
- Shyam Goverdhana, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Guido Grandi, Chiron Vaccines Research Center, Italy
- Todd A. Gray, Wadsworth Center, USA
- John M. Greally, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
- Eric D. Green, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Nicole M. Green, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Dov Greenbaum, Yale, USA
- Simon G. Gregory, Duke University Medical Center, USA
- Joel Greshock
- Michael Gribskov, Purdue University, USA
- Edward Griffiths, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Sam Griffiths-Jones, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Andrei Grigoriev, GPC Biotech, Germany
- Wayne M. Grody, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
- Martien A. M. Groenen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
- Leif Groop, Lund University, Sweden
- Yan Gu, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, UK
- Daniel F. Gudjartsson, deCode Genetics, Iceland
- Benjamin Guglielmi, CEA/Saclay, France
- Roderic Guigó, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Spain
- Daniel H. Haft, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Neil Hall, The Institute of Genome Research, USA
- Sam Hanash, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA
- John W. Hanrahan, University of Bristol, UK
- Christiane Hansen, University of Alberta, Canada
- Susan H. Hardin, VisiGen Biotechnologies, Inc., USA
- Henry Harpending, University of Utah, USA
- Midori Harris, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Gerald W. Hart, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
- David J. Harvey, University of Oxford, UK
- Terry Hassold, Washington State University, USA
- Vassily Hatzimanikatis, Northwestern University, USA
- Edward Hawkins
- Madhuri R. Hedge, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Joop M.L.M. Helvoort, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Kim Henrick, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Robert Henson, The Mathworks, Inc, USA
- Matthias W. Hentze, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Germany
- Jaap Heringa, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
- Henning Hermjakob, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- William Richard Hersh, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
- Christiane Hertz-Fowler, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Winston A. Hide, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, South Africa
- David E. Hill, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- LaDeana W. Hillier, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Anthony L. Hinrichs, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Joel N. Hirschhorn, Children's Hospital Boston, USA
- Karin Hjernø, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Jonathan Hodgkin, University of Oxford, UK
- Andrew R. Hoffman, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, USA
- Eric P. Hoffman, Children's National Medical Center, USA
- Jodi D. Hoffman, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
- Kay Hofmann, Memorec Biotec GmbH, Germany
- Jörg D. Hoheisel, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Germany
- Jill A. Holbrook, University of Heidelberg, Germany
- Liisa Holm, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Frank C. P. Holstege, Genomics Laboratory UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Robert A. Holt, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
- Nigel M. Hooper, University of Leeds, UK
- Ian Horrocks, University of Manchester, UK
- Douglas E. Horsman, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
- Bernhard Horsthemke, Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Germany
- Sui Huang, Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA
- Xiaoqiu Huang, Iowa State University, USA
- Yunfei Huang, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, USA
- Simon J. Hubbard, UMIST, UK
- Tim Hubbard, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Wolfgang Huber, German Cancer Research Center, Germany
- Norbert Hübner, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Germany
- Thomas J. Hudson, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Canada
- Philip Hugenholtz, DOE Joint Genome Institute, USA
- Nicolas Hulo, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Maj Hultén, University of Warwick, UK
- David A. Hume, University of Queensland, Australia
- Trey Ideker, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Donald E. Ingber, Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, USA
- Amelia Ireland, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Ravi Iyengar, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA
- Ian J. Jackson, MRC Human Genetics Unit, UK
- David Jackson, Xapien GmbH, Germany
- Bernard Jacq, CNRS INSERM Université de la Méditerranée, France
- Joachim Jaeger, Wadsworth Center, USA
- Daniel G. Jay, Tufts University School of Medicine, USA
- Judith A. Jebanathirajah, Harvard Medical School, USA
- Rosalind E. Jenkins, University of Liverpool, UK
- Ole N. Jensen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Andrzej Joachimiak, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
- Mark A. Jobling, University of Leicester, UK
- Ralf Jockers, Institut Cochin, France
- Richard S. Johnson, Amgen Corporation, USA
- Andrew Jones, University of Manchester, UK
- David T. Jones, University College London, UK
- Steven Jones, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Canada
- David Juan, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spain
- Lukas Käll, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Arnout P. Kalverda, University of Leeds, UK
- Minoru Kanehisa, Kyoto University, Japan
- Claudia Kappen, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
- Samuel Karlin, Stanford University, USA
- Peter D. Karp, SRI International, USA
- Paul Kellam, University College London, UK
- Manolis Kellis, MIT Broad Institute for Biomedical Research, USA
- Janet Kelso, Max-Planck-Institut fuer evolutionaere Anthropologie, Germamy
- James L. Kennedy, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, UK
- Frank A. Kero, University of Florida, USA
- Aaron Kershenbaum, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
- Eric B. Keverne, University of Cambridge, UK
- Raya Khanin, University of Glasgow, UK
- Purvesh Khatri, Wayne State University, USA
- Kenneth K. Kidd, Yale University, USA
- Abraham L. Kierszenbaum, The City University of New York Medical School, USA
- Andrzej M. Kierzek, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
- Joomyeong Kim, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Purvesh Khatri, Wayne State University, USA
- Jens Kleinjung, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
- Eugene Koonin, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Beat P. Kramer, ETH Hoenggerberg, Switzerland
- Stefan C. Kremer, University of Guelph, Canada
- Hans-Peter Kriegel, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
- Evgenia Kriventseva, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Germany
- Peer Kröger, University of Munich, Germany
- Mathias Krull, BIOBASE GmbH, Germany
- Martin I. Krzywinski, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
- Ralf Kühn, GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Germany
- Andreas Kulozik, University of Heidelberg, Germany
- Sudhir Kumar, Arizona Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, USA
- Sarah K. Kummerfeld, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
- Satoshi Kurosaka, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Pui-Yan Kwok, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Roger Lam, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Neil E. Lamb, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
- Petra S. Langendijk-Genevaux, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- James I. Langridge, Micromass UK Ltd, UK
- Martin R. Larsen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Rick Lathrop, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Thomas Laurell, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden
- Richard Lavery, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, France
- Jeffrey G. Lawrence, University of Pittsburgh, USA
- Virginie Le Saux, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Alice Y. Lee, University of South Florida, USA
- Dik van Leenen, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pierre Legrain, CEA-Saclay, France
- Pierre Lehn, Hospital Robert DEBRE, France
- Peter A. Lemkin, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, USA
- Arthur M. Lesk, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Patrick J. Lester, UMIST, UK
- Andrew M. L. Lever, Cambridge University, UK
- Brynn Levy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA
- Harvey L. Levy, Children's Hospital Boston, USA
- Cheng Li, Boston, USA
- Changxi Li, University of Alberta, Canada
- Kathryn Lilley, Cambridge University, UK
- Hsi-Hsien Lin, University of Oxford, UK
- Kuang Lin, National Institute for Medical Research, UK
- Lance A. Liotta, National Cancer Institute, USA
- Jie Liu, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Jun S. Liu, Harvard University, USA
- Xiaole Shirley Liu, Harvard School of Public Health, USA
- Jane Lomax, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Phillip Lord, University of Manchester, UK
- Michael Lovett, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Pedro R. Lowenstein, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Konstantin A. Lukyanov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Monika Lusky, Transgène, France
- Yves Lussier, Columbia University, USA
- William H. Majoros, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Izabela Makalowska, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
- Tomi Mäkelä, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
- Melissa R. W. Mann, The University of Western Ontario, Canada
- Marcel Mannens, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Francesco Marchetti, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Elaine Mardis, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Adam A. Margolin, Columbia University, USA
- Gyorgy Marko-Varga, Lund University, Sweden
- Reneé H. Martin, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Canada
- Stefano Marullo, Institut Cochin, France
- Benoît Masquida, Univeristé Louis Pasteur, France
- Christopher G. Mathew, Guy's, King’s College London, UK
- David H. Mathews, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA
- Wayne T. Matten, National Library Of Medicine, USA
- Neil Maudling, University of Manchester, UK
- Jens Mayer, University of Saarland, Germany
- Raja Mazumder, Georgetown University Medical Center, USA
- Mark I. McCarthy, Oxford University, UK
- Alun D. McCarthy, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, UK
- Scott D. McGinnis, National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA
- Emma McGregor, Proteome Sciences plc, UK
- Brian McKenna, Whitehead Institute, USA
- K. John McLaughlin, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Djamel Medjahed, National Cancer Institute at Frederick/SAIC, USA
- Angela Mehlert, University of Dundee, UK
- Harry Mellor, University of Bristol, UK
- Guerrino Meneguzzi, University of Nice, France
- Tony H. Merry, University of Oxford, UK
- Ludwine Messiaen, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Stephen W. Michnick, Université de Montreal, Canada
- Lefkos T. Middleton, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, UK
- Philippa Mills, University College London, UK
- Aleksander Milosavjevic, Baylor College of Medicine, UK
- Martina Mirlacher, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Lindsay W. Mitchell, Children's National Medical Center, USA
- Kathryn J. Mitchell, University of Bristol, UK
- Alexander L. Mitchell, University of Manchester, UK
- Kenji Mizuguchi, University of Cambridge, UK
- Miriam F. Moffatt, The Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, UK
- Alexandre Montpetit, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Canada
- Stephen S. Moore, University of Alberta, Canada
- Michael J. Moorhouse, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
- Burkhard Morgenstern, University of Goettingen, Germany
- Newton E. Morton, Southampton General Hospital, UK
- Georgina Moulton, University of Manchester, UK
- Stephen M. Mount, University of Maryland, USA
- O. Thomas Mueller, All Children's Hospital, USA
- Nicola J. Mulder, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Santiago Munné, Reprogenetics LLC, USA
- Derek Murphy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
- James M. Musser, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Nair T. Murlidharan, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Haruki Nakamura, Osaka University, Japan
- Darren A. Natale, Georgetown University Medical Center, USA
- Andrew F. Neuwald, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA
- Gabriele Neu-Yilik, University of Heidelberg, Germany
- Gary Ng
- Dan Nicolae, University of Chicago, USA
- R. Hannes Niedner, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Henrik Nielsen, The Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
- Rasmus Nielsen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Anastasia N. Nikolskaya, Georgetown University Medical Center, USA
- Johan Nilsson, Lund University, Sweden
- Poul Nissen, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Denis Noble, University of Oxford, UK
- Steffen Nock, Absalus Inc., USA
- Karen L. Novik, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
- Natalya F. Noy, Stanford University, USA
- Jeffrey R. O’Connell, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
- Stephen G. Oliver, University of Manchester, UK
- Maria Oliver-Bonet, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Canada
- Thomas O’Neil, Whitehead Institute, USA
- Sandra Orchard, European Bioinformatics Institute , UK
- Christine Orengo, University College London, UK
- Lior Pachter, U.C. Berkeley, USA
- Roberta A. Pagon, University of Washington, USA
- Krysten J. Palmer, University of Bristol, UK
- Leka Papazisi, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis, Northwestern University, USA
- Julian Parkhill, The Sanger Institute, UK
- Linda Partridge, University College London, UK
- Norman W. Paton, University of Manchester, UK
- Wayne F. Patton, PerkinElmer LAS, USA
- Ian T. Paulsen, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Tony Pawson, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Canada
- Chris Peacock, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Leigh Pearce
- Frances Pearl, University College London, UK
- Randall E. Pedder, University of Florida, USA
- Martin Peim, University of Manchester, UK
- Mary Kay Pelias, GenELSI Consulting, Inc., USA
- Matteo Pellegrini, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA
- Leena Peltonen, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland
- Stephen R. Pennington, University College, Dublin, Ireland
- Lygia V. Pereira, Instituto de Biociências, USP, Brazil
- Carolina Perez-Iratxeta, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Canada
- Nicole T. Perna, University of Wisconsin, USA
- Mihaela Pertea, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Scott N. Peterson, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Emanuel Petricoin, FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, USA
- Mark J. Pettenati, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, USA
- Simon E. V. Phillips, University of Leeds, UK
- Juergen M. Plitzko, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Biochemie, Germany
- Michael Poidinger, Australia
- Toni I. Pollin, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
- David D. Pollock, Louisiana State University, USA
- Constantin Polychronakos, McGill University Health Center (Children's Hospital), Canada
- Katherine P. Ponder, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Matthew E. Portnoy, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Jochen H. M. Prehn, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
- Molly Przeworski, Brown University, USA
- Hong Qian, University of Washington, USA
- Ji Qiu, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, USA
- Thierry Rabilloud, CEA Grenoble, France
- Catherine M. Radcliffe, University of Oxford, UK
- Brinda K. Rana, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Neil A. Ranson, University of Leeds, UK
- P. Nagesh Rao, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
- Timothy Ravasi, University of Queensland, Australia
- Jacques Ravel, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Neil D. Rawlings, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Timothy D. Read, Naval Medical Research Center, Maryland, USA
- Oliver Redfern, University College London, UK
- Knut Reinert, Free University Berlin, Germany
- Qinghu Ren, The Institute for Genomic Research, USA
- Chiara Rengo, Università di Pavia, Italy
- J. Jeremy Rice, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
- C. Sue Richards, Oregon Health & Science University, USA
- Nathaniel H. Robin, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
- Wendy P. Robinson, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Mariano Rocchi, DAPEG Sezione di Genetica, Italy
- Matthew V. Rockman, Princeton University, USA
- Bruce A. Roe, University of Oklahoma, USA
- Kathryn Roeder, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
- Peter Roepsdorff, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Peter K. Rogan, University of Missouri - Kansas City, USA
- Jerome I. Rotter, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Himadri Roy, University of Kuopio, Finland
- Louise Royle, University of Oxford, UK
- Pauline M. Rudd, University of Oxford, UK
- Maria-Fernanda Ruiz, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Spain
- Steven Russell, University of Cambridge, UK
- Guy A. Rutter, University of Bristol, UK
- Alan Sachs, Rosetta Inpharmatics, LLC, USA
- Inderneel Sahai, Children's Hospital Boston, USA
- Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee, Anna University, India
- Akio Sakamoto, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Mark E. Samuels, Xenon Genetics, Canada
- Michel F. Sanner, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
- Mark Sansom, University of Oxford, UK
- Hiroyuki Sasaki, National Institute of Genetics, Japan
- Moritoshi Sato, The University of Tokyo and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
- David Sattelle, University of Oxford, UK
- Nigel J. Saunders, University of Oxford, UK
- Guido Sauter, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Eric Schadt, Rosetta Inpharmatics, LLC, USA
- Jacqueline E. Schein, BC Cancer Agency, Canada
- Maren T. Scheuner, UCLA School of Public Health, USA
- Christian Schlötterer, Veterinamedizinische Universitat Wien, Austria
- Thomas E. Schmid, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Gretchen H. Schneider, Harvard Medical School, USA
- Katherine A. Schneider, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, USA
- Reinhard Schneider, EMBL, Germany
- Stefan Schönauer, University of Munich, Germany
- Nicholas J. Schork, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Steffen Schulze-Kremer, Universtät Hannover, Germany
- Jae C. Schwartz, Thermo Electron Corporation, USA
- Stuart Schwartz, University of Chicago, USA
- Petra Schwille, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
- Bertrand Séraphin, CNRS, France
- Lisa G. Shaffer, Washington State University Spokane, USA
- Kristen M. Shannon, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Gavin Sherlock, Stanford University, USA
- Arthur Sherman, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Stanislav Y. Shvartsman, Princeton University, USA
- Asim Siddiqui, BC Cancer Research Centre, Canada
- Solveig K. Sieberts, deCode Genetics, Iceland
- Jennifer A.Siepen, University of Leeds, UK
- Christian J. A. Sigrist, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Richard M. Simon, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Ronald Simon, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Richard J. Simpson, Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, USA
- Denis A. Smirnov, Immunicon Corporation, USA
- Barry Smith, Universität Leipzig, Germany
- Douglas W. Smith, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Michael W. Smith, National Cancer Institute, USA
- Tony J. Smith, Solexa Limited, UK
- M. Snel
- Lori A. S. Snyder, University of Oxford, UK
- Richard O. Snyder, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, USA
- Marcelo B. Soares, University of Iowa, USA
- Rodrigo Soares, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brazil
- Carol A. Soderlund, Arizona University, USA
- Erik Sonnhammer, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- O. David Sparkman, University of the Pacific, USA
- Paul T. Spellman, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA
- Hamish G. Spencer, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Flavia Spirito, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France
- Raquel Stabellini, Instituto de Biociências, USP, Brazil
- Martin Stacey, University of Oxford, UK
- William Stafford Noble, University of Washington, USA
- Igor Stagljar, University of Zurich-Irchel, Switzerland
- Hanno Steen, Harvard Medical School, USA
- David J. Stephens, University of Bristol, UK
- Robert Stevens, The University of Manchester, UK
- Gustavo Stolovitzky, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA
- Jennifer L. Stow, University of Queensland, Australia
- Daniel O. Stram, University of Southern California, USA
- Konstantin Strauch, University of Bonn, Germany
- Robert L. Strausberg, The J. Craig Venter Institute, USA
- Lisa Stubbs, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Brian K. Suarez, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
- Richard Sucgang, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Beth A. Sullivan, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
- Jimmy C. Sung, University of South Florida, USA
- Jason R. Swedlow, University of Dundee, UK
- Martti T. Tammi, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Ching Wai Tan, University College London, UK
- Maira Tankimanova, University of Warwick, UK
- D. Lansing Taylor, Cellumen, Inc., USA
- William R. Taylor, National Institute for Medical Research, UK
- Chris Taylor, European Bioinformatics Institute , UK
- Rohan Teasdale, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Aaron P. Theisen, Washington State University Spokane, USA
- Michael J. Thompson, Boston University, USA
- Gary S. Thompson, University of Leeds, UK
- Nicholas R. Thomson, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
- Janet M. Thornton, European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
- Adrian J. Thrasher, Institute of Child Health, UK
- Jack Throck Watson, Michigan State University, USA
- Pierre Thuriaux, CEA/Saclay, France
- Maciej Tomaszewski, University of Glasgow, UK
- Martin Tompa, University of Washington, USA
- David Torrents, EMBL Heidelberg, Germany
- Antonio Torroni, Università di Pavia, Italy
- Achim Treumann, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
- Olga Troyanskaya, Princeton University, USA
- Young K. Truong, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Takashi Tsuboi, University of Bristol, UK
- W. Bruce Turnbull, University of Leeds, UK
- Benjamin Tycko, Columbia University, USA
- Gene W. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Peter Uetz, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany
- J. Wesley Ulm, Harvard Medical School, USA
- Yoshio Umezawa, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Alfonso Valencia, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Spain
- Tea Vallenius, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
- Rhea U. Vallente, Case Western Reserve University, USA
- Marcel van den Heuvel, University of Oxford, UK
- Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, VUMC Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Teppo Varilo, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland
- David L. Veenstra, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Vickie Venne, Huntsman Cancer Institute, USA
- Chandra S. Verma, Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore
- Amelie Veron, The Westphalian Wilhelm's University of Münster, Germany
- Mark Vidal, Harvard Medical School, USA
- C. R. Vinayaka, Georgetown University Medical Center, USA
- Martin Vingron, Max-Planck-Institut fuer molekulare Genetik, Germany
- Anja von Heydebreck, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Germany
- Thanh H. Vu, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, USA
- Timothy J. Vyse, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, UK
- Gabriel Waksman, Birkbeck and University College London, UK
- Jeffrey D. Wall, The University of Southern California, USA
- John W. Wallis, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Kiew-Lian Wan, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
- Wesley C. Warren, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
- Wyeth W. Wasserman, University of British Columbia, Canada
- Peter Watson, University of Bristol, UK
- Barbara L. Weber
- Lee S. Weinstein, National Institutes of Health, USA
- George Weinstock, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
- Kenneth M. Weiss, Penn State University, USA
- Walter Weiss, Technische Universität München, Germany
- Michael C. Wendl, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Katharine D. Wenstrom, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, USA
- Michael Werner, CEA/Saclay, France
- Thomas Werner, Genomatix, Germany
- John Westbrook, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA
- David R. Westhead, University of Leeds, UK
- Eric Westhof, Univeristé Louis Pasteur, France
- Stephen A. Whelan, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
- Emma Whitelaw, University of Sydney, Australia
- Ellen M. Wijsman, University of Washington, USA
- Marc S. Williams, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Ctr, USA
- Daniel Wilson, University of Oxford, UK
- David S. Wilson, Absalus, Inc., USA
- Edgar Wingender, University of Göttingen, Germany
- Ernst Wit, University of Glasgow, UK
- Carl R. Woese, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Yuri I. Wolf, National Institutes of Health, USA
- Daynna J. Wolff, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
- Russ D. Wolfinger, SAS Institute Inc., USA
- Wing Hung Wong, Harvard, USA
- Rick Woychik, The Jackson Laboratory, USA
- Brendan Wren, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
- Cathy H. Wu, Georgetown University Medical Center, USA
- Julie Wulfkuhle, National Cancer Institute, USA
- Wolfgang Wurst, GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Germany
- Andrew J. Wyrobek, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA
- Yuguang Xiong, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA
- Itai Yanai, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
- Guang-Zhong Yang, Imperial College London, UK
- Ivana Yang, Duke University, USA
- Shiaw-Pyng Yang, Washington University Medical School, USA
- Thomas P. Yang, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA
- John R. Yates III, Scripps Research Institute, USA
- Timothy J. Yeatman, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute, USA
- Iwei Yeh, Stanford University, USA
- Seppo Yla-Herttuala, University of Kuopio, Finland
- Richard A. Yost, University of Florida, USA
- Elaine Zackai, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
- Cécile Zaros, CEA/Saclay, France
- Yu Zhao, University of Michigan, USA
- Weimin Zhu, European Bioinformatics Institute , UK
- Daniel Zicha, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, UK
- Heike Zimdahl, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Germany
- Michael Zuker, Rensselaer Polytechnic, USA
