Current Protocols in Toxicology

Editors & Contributors

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Lucio G. Costa
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Julio C. Davila
Toxicology Consultant
O'Fallon, Missouri

David A. Lawrence
Wadsworth Center
Albany, New York

Donald J. Reed
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

ADVISORY EDITOR

Ernest Hodgson
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

GUEST EDITOR

Gabriella Coruzzi
University of Parma Medical School
Parma, Italy

PAST EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Mahin D. Maines
University of Rochester School of Medicine
Rochester, New York

PAST EDITORS

James S. Bus
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan

Shigeru Sassa
Rockefeller University
New York, New York

I. Glenn Sipes
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

CONTRIBUTORS

Marilyn J. Aardema
The Procter and Gamble Company
Miami Valley Innovation Center
Cincinnati, Ohio

Barbara D. Abbott
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

N.G. Abraham
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

Maristella Adami
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Linda L. Agnew
Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing
School of Science and Technology
University of New England
Armidale, Australia

Jawed Alam
Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation
New Orleans, Louisiana

Jeffrey W. Allen
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Enrico Alleva
Instituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Immaculate Amunom
XenoTech LLC
Lenexa, Kansas

Stacey E. Anderson
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Morgantown, West Virginia

Stephanie A. Anderson
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Sarah M. Andrew
Chester College
Chester, United Kingdom

W. Kent Anger
Oregon Health Sciences University
Portland, Oregon

Douglas D. Anspaugh
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Elias S.J. Arner
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm, Sweden

Michael Aschner
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

William D. Atchison
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Doris W.T. Au
City University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, China

Gerald Audesirk
University of Colorado at Denver
Denver, Colorado

Teresa Audesirk
University of Colorado at Denver
Denver, Colorado

Steven D. Aust
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

Shannon M. Bailey
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Lisa J. Bain
University of Texas at El Paso
El Paso, Texas

Sunil U. Bajad
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Madison, Wisconsin

Walter Balduini
Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo”
Urbino, Italy

Nazzareno Ballatori
University of Rochester School of Medicine
Rochester, New York

Krys S. Bankiewicz
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Riyaz Basha
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island

David Basketter
DabMed Consultancy Ltd.
Bedfordshire, United Kingdom

Inge Bauer
University of the Saarland
Homburg, Germany

Michael Bauer
University of the Saarland
Homburg, Germany

Ronald E. Baynes
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Rudolf Bechter
Novartis Pharma Ltd.
Basel, Switzerland

David Beckman
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
East Hanover, New Jersey

L.C. Bell-Parikh
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Jeffrey C. Bemis
Litron Laboratories
Rochester, New York

Marcelle Bergeron
Lilly Research Laboratories
Indianapolis, Indiana

Wladyslaw Bielanski
Jagiellonian University
Cracow, Poland

Giorgio Bignami
Instituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Laura Blanciforti
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Morgantown, West Virginia

Jim Blasberg
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Nathan Boles
Neural Stem Cell Institute
Rensselaer, New York

Niels C. Bols
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Canada

Arianna Bonomi
University of Milan
Milan, Italy

Luca Tommaso Bonsignore
Istitituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Abdolsamad Borazjani
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi

Dianne Botta
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Stephen V. Bounds
Huntingdon Life Sciences
Huntingdon, England

Maureen Bourner
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Aaron B. Bowman
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee and
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development
Nashville, Tennessee

Olivier Braissant
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Lausanne, Switzerland

Igor Branchi
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Alan A. Brimfield
United States Army Medical Research
Institute of Chemical Defense
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

Amanda Brinker
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Limor Broday
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

Mary K. Bruno
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Sam A. Bruschi
Laural Consulting
Adelaide, Australia

Thomas Brzozowski
Jagiellonian University
Cracow, Poland

Lorrene A. Buckley
Lilly Research Laboratories
Greenfield, Indiana

Alan R. Buckpitt
University of California
Davis, California

Thomas M. Burbacher
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Steve Bursik
The Salk Institute
La Jolla, California

James S. Bus
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan

Philip J. Bushnell
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Gennady A. Buznikov
N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology
Moscow, Russia

Laurène Cagnon
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
Lausanne, Switzerland

Ling Cao
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Lebanon, New Hampshire

Francesca Capone
Istitituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Silvia Carloni
Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo”
Urbino, Italy

Silvia Casati
European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM)
Ispra, Italy

Michelle C. Catlin
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Carl E. Cerniglia
National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA
Jefferson, Arkansas

Katherine Watt Chan
University of California
Davis, California

Jay S. Charleston
Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders and Shin Nippon Biological Laboratories U.S.A.
Redmond, Washington

Chuan Chen
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Huizhong Chen
National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA
Jefferson, Arkansas

Nathan J. Cherrington
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Flavia Chiarotti
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Jinah Choi
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Yu-Fen Chou
Wadsworth Center
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York,
NYSTEM
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York, and Department of Biomedical Sciences
School of Public Health
State University of New York at Albany
Albany, New York

F.- F. Chu
City of Hope National Medical Center
Duarte, California

Woon-Gye Chung
Oregon State University
Department of Chemistry
Corvallis, Oregon

Serena Cinelli
Research Toxicology Centre
Pomezia, Rome, Italy

Francesca Cirulli
Istitituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

J. David Clark
Stanford University and VAPAHCS
Palo Alto, California

Donald M. Coen
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Birgit L. Coffman
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Steven D. Cohen
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Arthur J.L. Cooper
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

Neal W. Cornell
Marine Biology Laboratory
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Gabriella Coruzzi
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Lucio G. Costa
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington and
Department of Human Anatomy
Pharmacology and Forensic Science
University of Parma Medical School
Parma, Italy

Max Costa
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

John Cowden
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Dianne M. Creasy
Huntingdon Life Sciences
East Millstone, New Jersey

Alex Cummins
National Institute of Mental Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Gavin Davey
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Ted M. Dawson
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Valina L. Dawson
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Vivian R. Dayeh
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Canada

Isabella De Angelis
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

J. de Vente
Maastricht University
Maastricht, The Netherlands

Rebecca Dearman
University of Manchester
Manchester, United Kingdom

Antoinette Defaux
Department of Physiology
University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland and
Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT)
Lausanne, Switzerland

Laurent M. Dejean
New York University
College of Dentistry
New York, New York

Michael S. Denison
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

Stephen D. Dertinger
Litron Laboratories
Rochester, New York

Sachin S. Devi
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Jamie C. DeWitt
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

Rodney R. Dietert
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

James F. Dillman
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Rao L. Divi
Methods and Technologies Branch
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
National Cancer Institute
NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Latha Diwakar
National Brain Research Centre
Nainwal Mode
Manesar, India

Brian M. Dixon
Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon and Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Mark A. Doll
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky

John E. Dominy Jr.
Division of Nutritional Sciences
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

Michael A. Dorato
Lilly Research Laboratories
Greenfield, Indiana

J.H. Doroshow
City of Hope National Medical Center
Duarte, California

Zuzana Drobna
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Michael W. Duffel
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

David L. Eaton
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Jamie Eberling
University of California Davis
Davis, California

Marion Ehrich
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia

Peter Ekstrom
University of Lund
Lund, Sweden

David J. Elliot
Flinders Medical Centre and
Flinders University School of Medicine
Bedford Park, Australia

R.S. Esworthy
City of Hope National Medical Center
Duarte, California

James F. Ewing
ArQule, Inc.
Waltham, Massachusetts

Patricia A. Fail
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Alan G. Fantel
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Marc W. Fariss
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

Charles Ferguson
University of Colorado at Denver
Denver, Colorado

Aleksandra Filipovska
Medical Research Council
Dunn Human Nutrition Unit
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kevin Flynn
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Duluth, Minnesota

J. Fink-Gremmels
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

Henry J. Forman
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Brian Freed
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

Trisha Fremgen
Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts

Matthias Froh
University of Regensburg
Regensburg, Germany

Hiroyoshi Fujita
Hokkaido University School of Medicine
Sapporo, Japan

Clement E. Furlong
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Johnathan Furr
United States Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Shayne C. Gad
Gad Consulting Services
Raleigh, North Carolina

Sean R. Gallagher
UVP, Inc.
Upland, California

Kalyan J. Gangavarpu
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York

David F. Gebhard
Primary Pharmacology
Research Center of Emphasis
Pfizer Inc.
Groton, Connecticut

Dori R. Germolec
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
National Institutes of Health
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Gennaro Giordano
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Young-Mi Go
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

Vladimir Gogvadze
Institute of Environmental Medicine
Karolinska Institutet

Mirella Gonzalez-Zulueta
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

A. Goodman
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

Nadia Gorman
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire and
Veterans Administration Medical Center
White River Junction, Vermont

Daniela Grandi
Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Gerald A. Grant
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Kimberly S. Grant
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

L. Earl Gray Jr.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Laura Gribaldo
European Centre for Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM)
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Ispra, Italy

Matthew B. Grisham
Louisiana State University Medical Center
Shreveport, Louisiana

F.P. Guengerich
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Ian Guest
Department of Translational Medicine
Wadsworth Laboratories
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York

Marina Guizzetti
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Karlene K. Gunter
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Thomas E. Gunter
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Caiying Guo
Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center and
University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada

Tory M. Hagen
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon and
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Andrea Hall
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Amy-Joan L. Ham
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Bruce D. Hammock
University of California at Davis
Davis, California

Iqbal Hamza
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

S.K. Hancock
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia

Ronald C. Hardman
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina

Rhiannon N. Hardwick
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Peggy L.R. Harris
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

David R. Hawkins
Huntingdon Life Sciences
Huntingdon, England

John B. Hays
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Sharon Heath-Pagliuso
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

David W. Hein
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky

John D. Henderson
University of California
Davis, California

Rogene F. Henderson
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Diane S. Henshel
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Yong Heo
Catholic University of Daegu
Kyongbuk Province
Republic of Korea

Araceli Hernandez-Zavala
Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Joan Hevel
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

J. Hinckley
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia

David E. Hinton
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina

Lawrence L. Hirschberger
Division of Nutritional Sciences
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

Arne Holmgren
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm, Sweden

Paul Honegger
University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland

Jari Honkaniemi
Tampere University Hospital
Tampere, Finland

N.A. Hosea
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Masakiyo Hosokawa
Chiba University
Chiba, Japan

Sharon A.M. Hotchkiss
Imperial College School of Medicine
London, United Kingdom

Tian-Jun Huang
New York Blood Center
New York, New York

Wendy J. Huss
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York

James Hynes
Luxcel Biosciences
BioInnovation Centre, UCC
Cork, Ireland

Yoshitaka Ikeda
Osaka University Medical School
Osaka, Japan

Zoran Ilic
Department of Translational Medicine
Wadsworth Laboratories
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York

Judith M. Jacobs
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Nicholas J. Jacobs
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Rachel L. Jampsa
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Damir Janigro
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio

Ingela Jansson
University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut

Gail P. Jarvik
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Per Jemth
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden

Hongjun Jin
Fundamental & Computational Sciences
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, Washington

Rodney Johnson
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Duluth, Minnesota

Carol L. Jones
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

Dean P. Jones
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

B.S. Jortner
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Blacksburg, Virginia

David Jourd’heuil
Louisiana State University Medical Center
Shreveport, Louisiana

Olympia A. Kabobel
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee and
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development
Nashville, Tennessee

Michael Kashon
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Morgantown, West Virginia

Terrance J. Kavanagh
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Robert J. Kavlock
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Ning Ke
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Deborah E. Keil
Medical Laboratory Sciences
Department of Pathology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, Utah

Michael Kelley
Veterans Administration Medical Center
San Francisco, California

Jadwiga K. Kepa
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

Nancy I. Kerkvliet
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Sungmee Kim
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland

Ian Kimber
University of Manchester
Manchester, United Kingdom

Carole A. Kimmel
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.

Adrienne L. King
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Kathleen W. Kinnally
New York University
College of Dentistry
New York, New York

James E. Klaunig
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana

Catherine B. Klein
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

Hasan Koc
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Malgorzata Kohnicka
Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology
Warsaw, Poland

Akira Konno
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Peter C. Konturek
Thueringen-Kliniken
Saalfeld, Germany

Stanislaw J. Konturek
Jagiellonian University
Cracow, Poland

Martha F. Kramer
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Boris F. Krasnikov
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

Cecile M. Krejsa
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Randall I. Krohn
Pierce Biotechnology, Inc.
Rockford, Illinois

Heather C. Kuiper
Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Seth W. Kullman
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Joseph R. Kurian
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Madison, Wisconsin

Ira Kurtz
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California

James P. Kushner
University of Utah Medical School
Salt Lake City, Utah

Gunnar F. Kwakye
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee and
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development
Nashville, Tennessee

David K. La
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Warren C. Ladiges
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Lawrence H. Lash
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

Jean M. Lauder
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Giovanni Laviola
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Sheran Law
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina

B. Paige Lawrence
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington

Lucy E.J. Lee
Wilfrid Laurier University
Waterloo, Canada

William T. Lee
The Wadsworth Center
Albany, New York

Scott W. Leonard
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Albert P. Li
In Vitro ADMET Laboratories
Columbia, Maryland

Daphne Li
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee and
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development
Nashville, Tennessee

Tobi L. Limke
Millipore Corporation
Billerica, Massachusetts

Rui-Ming Liu
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Corrinne G. Lobe
Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center and
University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada

María C. López
Wadsworth Center
Albany, New York

Joseph Loscalzo
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Andreas Luch
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
Berlin, Germany

Robert Luebke
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Michael I. Luster
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Morgantown, West Virginia

Jens Lykkesfeldt
Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University
Copenhagen, Denmark

Michael A. Lynes
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Jun Ma
Department of Translational Medicine
Wadsworth Laboratories
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York

R.F.M. Maas
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

Jennifer L. Madison
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Brinda Mahadevan
Global Occupational Toxicology
Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Park, Illinois

Claudia S. Maier
Oregon State University
Department of Chemistry
Corvallis, Oregon

Mahin D. Maines
University of Rochester School of Medicine
Rochester, New York

Nina Malchus
German Cancer Research Center
Heidelberg, Germany

José Manautou
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Bengt Mannervik
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden

Markus G. Manz
Institute for Research in Biomedicine
Bellinzona, Switzerland

Lawrence J. Marnett
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

M.V. Martin
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Sonia Martinez-Caballero
New York University
College of Dentistry
New York, New York

Ronald P. Mason
National Institute of Environmental Health Science
National Institutes of Health
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Bernd Mayer
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Graz, Austria

Michael Mayersohn
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Thomas D. McClure
Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute
San Diego, California

Lisa A. McConnachie
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Joe M. McCord
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

William K. McCoubrey, Jr.
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Jesica McCue
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

Kevin S. McDorman
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Charlene A. McQueen
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Barbara J. Meade
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Morgantown, West Virginia

Harihara M. Mehendale
The University of Louisiana at Monroe
Monroe, Louisiana

Jill Meisenhelder
The Salk Institute
La Jolla, California

Alessandro Menozzi
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Sharon A. Meyer
University of Louisiana–Monroe
Monroe, Louisiana

Dejan Milatovic
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Allen Miles
Louisiana State University Medical Center
Shreveport, Louisiana

John O. Miners
Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University School of Medicine
Bedford Park, Australia

Stephen C. Mitchell
Imperial College London
London, United Kingdom

Isaac Mohar
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Florianne Monnet-Tschudi
Department of Physiology
University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland and
Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT)
Lausanne, Switzerland

Thomas J. Montine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Angelo Moretto
Universita degli Studi di Padova
Padova, Italy

Dexter Morin
University of California
Davis, California

Giuseppina Morini
Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Eric J. Morinello
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Christophe Morisseau
University of California at Davis
Davis, California

Jason D. Morrow
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Kristien Mortelmans
SRI International
Menlo Park, California

Virginia C. Moser
Apex, North Carolina

Martha Motherway
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Daniel R. Mudra
XenoTech, LLC
Kansas City, Kansas

Bruce A. Muggenburg
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Albert E. Munson
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Morgantown, West Virginia

Michael P. Murphy
Medical Research Council
Dunn Human Nutrition Unit
Cambridge, United Kingdom

James Murray
MitoSciences Inc.
Eugene, Oregon

Erik S. Musiek
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Debbie Mustacich
Arizona Cancer Center
Tucson, Arizona

Lysette A. Mutkus
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Sashi Nadanaciva
Compound Safety Prediction
Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
Pfizer Inc.
Groton, Connecticut

Jun Nakamura
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Toshio Narahashi
Northwestern University Medical School
Chicago, Illinois

Michael G. Narotsky
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Richard Nass
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Edward Natoli Jr.
Pfizer Global Research
Groton, Connecticut

Kimberly J. Nelson
Department of Biochemistry
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Mingwei Ni
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Stefan Nierkens
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

Viera Nosál’ová
Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Mark J. Novak
Florida Institute of Technology
Melbourne, Florida

R. Scott Obach
Pfizer Global Research and Development
Groton, Connecticut

Jan Oberdoerster
Aventis CropScience
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Larry W. Oberley
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Peter J. O’Brien
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario Canada

James P. O’Callaghan
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
NIOSH
Morgantown, West Virginia

Yoshitugu Oiwa
Wakayama Medical University
Wakayama, Japan

Sten Orrenius
Institute of Environmental Medicine
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm, Sweden

Maria Cristina Ossiprandi
University of Parma
Parma, Italy

Joseph S. Ostby
United States Environmental Protection Agency, NHEERL
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Julie A. Oughton
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Brian F. Pachkowski
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Stephanie Padilla
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Prajakta S. Palkar
The University of Louisiana at Monroe
Monroe, Louisiana

Nariman Panahian
InforMax Inc.
North Bethesda, Maryland

Kamala Pant
BioReliance
Rockville, Maryland

Dominique Parent-Massin
UFR Sciences
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Brest, France

Michael Paris
Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS)
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Andrew Parkinson
XenoTech, LLC
Kansas City, Kansas

Christine G. Parks
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
National Institutes of Health
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Derek Parsonage
Department of Biochemistry
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Patrick J. Parsons
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York

Margie M. Peden-Adams
Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies
University of Nevada Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada

Trevor M. Penning
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

George Perry
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Augusto Pessina
University of Milan
Milan, Italy

Mary C. Phelan
Molecular Pathology Laboratory Network
Maryville, Tennessee

John D. Phillips
University of Utah Medical School
Salt Lake City, Utah

Raymond Pieters
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

John T. Pinto
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

John P. Plastaras
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Thomas M. Polasek
Flinders Medical Centre and
Flinders University School of Medicine
Bedford Park, Australia

Enzo Poli
University of Parma Medical School
Parma, Italy

Rafael A. Ponce
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Leslie B. Poole
Department of Biochemistry
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Ned A. Porter
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Cristina Pozzoli
University of Parma Medical School
Parma, Italy

Jennifer Pratt
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Russell A. Prough
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky

Alexander Pushkin
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California

Dario C. Ramirez
National Institute of Environmental Health Science
National Institutes of Health
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Asoka Ranasinghe
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
National Brain Research Centre
Nainwal Mode
Manesar, India

Ajit Ray
National Brain Research Centre
Nainwal Mode
Manesar, India

M. Razmiafshari
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island

Jean F. Regal
School of Medicine
University of Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota

Christopher A. Reilly
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

Laura Ricceri
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Rebecca J. Richter
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Gladys R. Rios
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Meredith Rocca
TherImmune Research Corporation
Gaithersburg, Maryland

R. Michael Roe
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Jane M. Rogers
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

Lynette K. Rogers
Children’s Research Institute
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Diane S. Rohlman
Oregon Health Sciences University
Portland, Oregon

Randy L. Rose
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

M. Jane Cox Rosemond
GlaxoSmithKline
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

David Ross
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

Matthew K. Ross
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, Mississippi

Costanza Rovida
CAAT Europe
University of Konstanz
Konstanz, Germany

S. Renee Rushing
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

Cindy Ryan
Procter & Gamble Company
Cincinnati, Ohio

Stefan W. Ryter
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield, Illinois

Shakil A. Saghir
The Dow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan and
Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
The Aga Khan University
Karachi, Pakistan

Afshin Samali
Karolinska Institute
Stockholm, Sweden

Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Stockholm, Sweden

George Sanders
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Daniela Santucci
Istituto Superiore di Sanitá
Rome, Italy

Hiroshi Satoh
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
Kyoto, Japan

Tetsuo Satoh
Biomedical Research Institute
Chiba, Japan

Lawrence M. Sayre
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

G.J. Schaaf
Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

John B. Schenkman
University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut

Kristin Schirmer
UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research
Leipzig, Germany

Jennifer V. Schmidt
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Kurt Schmidt
Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz
Graz, Austria

Robert Schoonhoven
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Kentaro Semba
The Salk Institute
La Jolla, California

Han Seung
TherImmune Research Corporation
Gaithersburg, Maryland

Timothy J. Shafer
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Nandita Shangari
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario Canada

Hari Shanker Sharma
Institute of Surgical Sciences University Hospital
Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden

Vyas Sharma
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Lioudmilla Sharova
Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
Blacksburg, Virginia

Frank R. Sharp
University of Cincinnati Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio

Kate Petersen Shay
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Jonathan J. Sheng
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

S.K. Shenouda
New York Medical College
Valhalla, New York

Swapna V. Shenvi
Molecular and Cellular Biology Program
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon and
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Yuhui Shi
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana

Michael A. Shultz
University of California
Davis, California

Yann Sibiril
UFR Sciences
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Brest, France

David Siegel
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado

P. Lynne Simmonds
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Michael H. Simonian
Beckman Coulter, Inc.
Fullerton, California

Peter R. Sinclair
Veterans Administration Medical Center
White River Junction, Vermont and Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Norman E. Sládek
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

William Slikker, Jr.
Food and Drug Administration
Jefferson, Arkansas

Theodore A. Slotkin
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Charles V. Smith
Children’s Research Institute
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Eric J. Smith
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon and
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

John A. Smith
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Mark A. Smith
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Carl Soderland
Cell Systems
Kirkland, Washington

Ruzena Sotníková
Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Eric Southam
GlaxoWellcome Medicines Research Centre
Stevenage, United Kingdom

Douglas R. Spitz
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Lakshmaiah Sreerama
St. Cloud State University
Saint Cloud, Minnesota

Sanjay Srivastava
Department of Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky

Kathe A. Stanness
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio

H.W.M. Steinbusch
Maastricht University
Maastricht, The Netherlands

Jan F. Stevens
Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

David K. Stevenson
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Glyn B. Steventon
King’s College London
London, United Kingdom

Martha H. Stipanuk
Division of Nutritional Sciences
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

William S. Stokes
The National Toxicology Program (NTP)
Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM)
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Daniel Storzbach
Oregon Health Sciences University
Portland, Oregon

Judy Strickland
Integrated Laboratory Systems (ILS)
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Miroslav Styblo
Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Courtney E. W. Sulentic
Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
Dayton, Ohio

Jessica E. Sutherland
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York

James A. Swenberg
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Rachel Swiss
Compound Safety Prediction
World Wide Medicinal Chemistry
Pfizer, Inc.
Groton, Connecticut

Lawrence M. Szewczuk
GlaxoSmithKline
Collegeville, Pennsylvania

Shigeru Taketani
Kansai Medical University
Moriguchi, Osaka

Koji Takeuchi
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
Kyoto, Japan

Keri A. Tallman
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Jun Tang
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Naoyuki Taniguchi
Osaka University Medical School
Osaka, Japan

Thomas. R. Tephly
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

M. Livia Terranova
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Selwyna C. Tetangco
University of California, Davis
Davis, California

David J. Thomas
Pharmacokinetics Branch
Experimental Toxicology Division
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

David C. Thompson
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Ronald G. Thurman
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Hugh A. Tilson
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Keith F. Tipton
Trinity College
Dublin, Ireland

Julie A. Titus
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland

Carol R. Tometsko
Litron Laboratories
Rochester, New York

Dorothea K. Torous
Litron Laboratories
Rochester, New York

Maret G. Traber
Linus Pauling Institute
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Lauren A. Trepanier
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Madison, Wisconsin

Andrea Troutman
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Laura Turco
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Rome, Italy

Rochelle W. Tyl
Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Rex M. Tyrrell
University of Bath
Bath, United Kingdom

Iori Ueki
Division of Nutritional Sciences
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

Brad L. Upham
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Patricia B. Upton
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Khawja A. Usmani
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Neetu Venkatraman
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Mukesh Verma
Methods and Technologies Branch
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
National Cancer Institute
NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Donald A. Vessey
Veterans Administration Medical Center
San Francisco, California

Andrew Vila
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Barbara Viviani
University of Milan Via Balzaretti
Milan, Italy

Daniel Voytas
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Hendrik J. Vreman
Stanford University Medical Center
Stanford, California

Robert L. Walsky
Pfizer Global Research and Development
Groton, Connecticut

Huixian Wang
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Yefan Wang
TherImmune Research Corporation
Gaithersburg, Maryland

Carol B. Ware
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Andrew R. O. Watson
The University at Albany
Albany, New York

Kenneth Watson
University of New England
Armidale, Australia

Gary L. Wenk
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Collin C. White
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Angela Wilks
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland

Yvonne Will
Compound Safety Prediction
Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
Pfizer Inc.
Groton, Connecticut

Catherine Willett
Phylonix Pharmaceuticals
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Barry W. Wilson
University of California
Davis, California

Casey Wilson
MitoSciences Inc.
Eugene, Oregon

David A. Wink
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland

Gary Wolfe
TherImmune Research Corporation
Gaithersburg, Maryland

Whitney L. Wooderchak
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

James S. Woods
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Yongling Xiao
Life Sciences R&D
Sigma-Aldrich
St. Louis, Missouri

Qiao-wen Xie
The Kenneth S. Warren Laboratories
Tarrytown, New York

Akiko Yabuuchi
Advanced Medical Research Institute of Fertility
Kato Ladies Clinic
Tokyo, Japan

Yukun Yuan
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Bonny Yuen
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina

Snjezana Zaja-Milatovic
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Richard C. Zangar
Fundamental & Computational Sciences
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, Washington

Helmut Zarbl
N.I.E.H.S./University of Washington Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health and
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

N.H. Zawia
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island

Errol Zeiger
Environmental Toxicology Program
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Chaojie Zhang
Phylonix Pharmaceuticals
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Jin-Gang Zhang
BD Biosciences
Woburn, Massachusetts

Ying-Yi Zhang
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Boris Zhivotovsky
Institute of Environmental Medicine
Karolinska Institutet
Stockholm, Sweden

Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
The Barnett Institute
Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts

Patrick Ziegler
Institute for Research in Biomedicine
Bellinzona, Switzerland

Wen Zou
National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA
Jefferson, Arkansas

Louis Zumstein
Introgen Therapeutics, Inc.
Houston, Texas

Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
Department of Physiology
University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland and
Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT)
Lausanne, Switzerland