Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry

Editors & Contributors

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Martin Egli
Vanderbilt University

Piet Herdewijn
Rega Institute for Medical Research

Akira Matusda
Hokkaido University

Yogesh S. Sanghvi
Rasayan Inc.

PAST EDITORS

Serge L. Beaucage
Bethesda, MD

Donald E. Bergstrom
Purdue University

Gary D. Glick
University of Michigan

Roger A. Jones
Rutgers University

CONTRIBUTORS

Hiroshi Abe
Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
Saitama, Japan

Naoko Abe
Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
Saitama, Japan

Mikhail Abramov
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Sudhir Agrawal
Hybridon, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Mohammad Ahmadian
Cerus Corporation
Concord, California

Yousef Ahmadibeni
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island

David Alazard
Gen-Probe, Inc.
San Diego, California

Lisa M. Albright
Allison Park, Pennsylvania

Alex Andrus
PE Applied Biosystems
Foster City, California

Carolina Díaz Arenas
Portland State University
Portland, Oregon

Seyed Arshad
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Michel Arthur
Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Hiroyuki Asanuma
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

Ulysse Asseline
Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS
Orléans, France

Cristina Ausín
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Mohamad Awada
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Suyeal Bae
The City College and The City University of New York
New York, New York

Satya P. Bajpai
ChemGenes Corp.
Wilmington, Massachusetts

Jacqueline K. Barton
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California

J. L. Battiste
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

James R. Beadle
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California

Serge L. Beaucage
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Markus Beier
Febit AG
Mannheim, Germany

Leonid Beigelman
InterMune
Brisbane, California

Sabine D. Bell
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Laurent Bellon
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals
Boulder, Colorado

Donald E. Bergstrom
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Philip C. Bevilacqua
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

G. Reid Bishop
Mississippi College
Clinton, Mississippi

Georgii V. Bobkov
Russian Academy of Sciences
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Moscow, Russia

Dale L. Boger
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Laurent Bonnac
Center for Drug Design
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Laureen Bonnat
Département de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Joseph Fourier
Grenoble, France

Gian Maria Bonora
University of Trieste
Trieste, Italy

Jason D. M. Booth
Concordia University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Alexandre S. Boutorine
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paris, France

Catherine Bowman
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Dwaine A. Braasch
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Ronald R. Breaker
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Michael Brenowitz
Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University
Bronx, New York

A. S. Brodsky
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Bernard R. Brooks
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Tom Brown
School of Chemistry
University of Southampton
Highfield Southampton, U.K.

Yury V. Bukhman
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Jordan E. Burke
Department of Biochemistry
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin

Cynthia J. Burrows
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Samuel E. Butcher
Department of Biochemistry
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin

Nancy Campbell
Cancer Research UK Biomolecular Structure Group
The UCL School of Pharmacy
London, United Kingdom

Sandra Carriero
McGill University
Montreal, Canada

Marvin H. Caruthers
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Colette M. Castleberry
Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry
Department of Chemistry
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio

Julianne Caton-Williams
Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Thomas R. Cech
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Daniel W. Celander
Loyola University Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Jonathan B. Chaires
James Graham Brown Cancer Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Marie-Christine Chapeau
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

John C. Chaput
Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics
The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Surendra Chaturvedi
PrimeSyn Lab
Hillsborough, New Jersey

Thomas E. Cheatham III
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Maryline Chemama
Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France

Liqiang Chen
Center for Drug Design
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Yuwei Chen
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Jacek Cieślak
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Marcin K. Chmielewski
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Joon Hyung Cho
Department of Chemistry
The University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Won Jun Choi
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
College of Pharmacy
Ewha Womans University
Seoul, Korea

Chau-Wen Chou
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans, Louisiana

Goutam Chowdhury
Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Cindy J. Choy
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Chung K. Chu
The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Athens, Georgia

Jacek Cieślak
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Jesse C. Cochrane
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Vlad Codrea
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Scott B. Cohen
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Robert S. Coleman
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Gavin W. Collie
Cancer Research UK Biomolecular Structure Group
The UCL School of Pharmacy
London, United Kingdom

P. Dan Cook
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Carlsbad, California

David R. Corey
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Meredith Corley
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

John E. Coughlin
Spring Bank Technologies
Milford, Massachusetts

Donald M. Crothers
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Qing Dai
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics
The University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Masad J. Damha
McGill University
Montreal, Canada

V. Jo Davisson
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Françoise Debart
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Laurent Debéthune
Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Peter C. Dedon
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Eric Defrancq
Département de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Joseph Fourier
Grenoble, France

Michael O. Delaney
ThermoFisher Scientific
Dharmacon Products
Lafayette, Colorado

Glen F. Deleavey
McGill University
Montréal, Québec, Canada

Douglas J. Dellinger
Agilent Laboratories
Boulder, Colorado

Robert O. Dempcy
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Michael L. Deras
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Amy M. Diegelman
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Alberto Di Salvo
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Chikara Dohno
Osaka University
Ibaraki, Japan

Jennifer A. Doudna
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

David E. Draper
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

S. Drenichev
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia

Dan P. Drontle
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Robert J. Duff
Lancaster Laboratories
Lancaster, Pennsylvania

David Dukhan
Université Montpellier II
Montpellier, France

Christelle Dupouy
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Ekaterina V. Efimtseva
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia

Simone Egetenmeyer
Institute for Organic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Stuttgart, Germany

Martin Egli
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Afaf H. El-Sagheer
School of Chemistry
University of Southampton
Highfield Southampton, U.K. and
Chemistry Branch
Department of Science and Mathematics
Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering
Suez Canal University
Suez, Egypt

Xavier Elduque
Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Andrew D. Ellington
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Texas
Austin, Texas and
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Mohamed I. Elzagheid
McGill University
Montreal, Canada

Masayuki Endo
CREST
Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
Tokyo, Japan and
Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

David R. Engelke
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Joachim W. Engels
Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Germany

Christophe Escudé
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paris, France

Mélanie Etheve-Quelquejeu
Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France

Shiyue Fang
Department of Chemistry
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, Michigan

Karen L. Fearon
Lynx Therapeutics
Hayward, California

Susana Fernández
Universidad de Oviedo
Oviedo, Spain

Adrian R. Ferré-D′Amaré
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Miguel Ferrero
Universidad de Oviedo
Oviedo, Spain

Bilal Fiaz
Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Hélène Fief
Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France

Matthieu Fonvielle
Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Carina Frauer
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg, Germany

Darón I. Freedberg
Division of Bacterial, Parasitic & Allergenic Products
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Yu Fu
National Chromatographic R&A Center
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
Dalian, Chin

Suntara Fueangfung
Department of Chemistry
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, Michigan

Mihoyo Fujitake
Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Osaka, Japan

Srinivas Gadthula
The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Athens, Georgia

Barbara L. Gaffney
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

Michael J. Gait
Medical Research Council
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Guangyao Gao
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Alexei Gapeev
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Baltimore, Maryland

Javier García
Universidad de Oviedo
Oviedo, Spain

Gary D. Glick
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Thomas C. Gluick
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Larry Gold
NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
Boulder, Colorado

Vicente Gotor
Universidad de Oviedo
Oviedo, Spain

Geoffrey R. Gough
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Catherine Gouyette
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France

Andrzej Grajkowski
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Anna Grandas
Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Robert D. Gray
James Graham Brown Cancer Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Marc M. Greenberg
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado

F. Peter Guengerich
Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

Piotr Guga
Polish Academy of Sciences
Lodz, Poland

Andrei P. Guzaev
AM Chemicals LLC
Oceanside, California

Bradley Hall
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Constance M. Harris
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Dinari A. Harris
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Thomas M. Harris
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Shinya Harusawa
Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Osaka, Japan

Yoshihiro Hayakawa
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

Hikoya Hayatsu
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Okayama University
Tsushima, Okayama, Japan

Michelle Hayner
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Chuan He
Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics
The University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Hanping He
Osaka University
Ibaraki, Japan

Alexander Heckel
University of Bonn
Bonn, Germany

Mark Helm
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg, Germany

Martin Hengesbach
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg, Germany

M. Hennig
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Allison A. Henry
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Piet Herdewijn
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Naoko Hirose
AminoScience Laboratories
Ajinomoto Co.
Kanagawa, Japan

Wataru Hirose
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, Japan

Claudia Höbartner
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Michal Hocek
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Prague, Czech Republic

Stefanie Hoffmann
NOXXON Pharma AG
Berlin, Germany

Jörg D. Hoheisel
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
Heidelberg, Germany

Antonin Holý
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Prague, Czech Republic

Johannes Hoos
NOXXON Pharma AG
Berlin, Germany

David Hot
Institute Pasteur de Lille
Lille, France

Xiaorong Hou
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Piscataway, New Jersey

Jari Hovinen
PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences
Turku, Finland

Rudiona Hoxhaj
Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Patrick J. Hrdlicka
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho

Mei Hua
Center for Drug Design
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Zhen Huang
Department of Chemistry and Department of Biology
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Ludovic Huot
Institute Pasteur de Lille
Lille, France

Mamoru Hyodo
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

Teruchika Ishikawa
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

Yoshihiro Ito
Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
Saitama, Japan

Radhakrishnan P. Iyer
Spring Bank Technologies
Milford, Massachusetts

Kunisuke Izawa
AminoScience Laboratories
Ajinomoto Co.
Kanagawa, Japan

Lassi Jaakkola
PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences
Turku, Finland

Brian A. Jackson
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California

David L. Jakeman
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Thomas L. James
University of California
San Francisco, California

Michaël Janin
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Lak Shin Jeong
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
College of Pharmacy
Ewha Womans University
Seoul, Korea

Sulay D. Jhaveri
Finnegan
Washington, D.C.

Sibo Jiang
Department of Chemistry
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Xiaohua Jiang
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Nashville, Tennessee

David C. Johnson II
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Roger A. Jones
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

Robert J. Kaiser
ThermoFisher Scientific
Dharmacon Products
Lafayette, Colorado

Ekambar R. Kandimalla
Hybridon, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Satoshi Katayama
AminoScience Laboratories
Ajinomoto Co.
Kanagawa, Japan

Jon S. Kauffman
Lancaster Laboratories
Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Tomohiko Kawate
Massachusetts General Hospital
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Elzbieta Kierzek
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
Poznan, Poland

Ryszard Kierzek
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
Poznan, Poland

Daniel H. Kim
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Department of Molecular Biology
Massachusetts General Hospital and
Department of Genetics
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Eun-Kyong Kim
Department of Chemistry
University of California
Riverside, California

Hidetoshi Kitagawa
Discovery Research Laboratories
Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.
Ibaraki, Japan

David E. Kitchen
ThermoFisher Scientific
Dharmacon Products
Lafayette, Colorado

Douglas A. Klewer
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas

Sven Klussmann
NOXXON Pharma AG
Berlin, Germany

Scott M. Knudsen
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Andrei Kobitski
Institute of Biophysics
University of Ulm
Ulm, Germany

Naoshi Kojima
Bioproduction Research Institute
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Sapporo, Japan

Hari Prasad Kokatla
The City College and The City University of New York
New York City, New York

Peter A. Kollman
University of California
San Francisco, California

Yasuo Komatsu
Bioproduction Research Institute
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Sapporo, Japan

Eric T. Kool
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Anilkumar R. Kore
Bioorganic Chemistry Division
Life Technologies Corporation
Austin, Texas

Vladimir A. Korshun
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
Moscow, Russia

Adam Kraszewski
Polish Academy of Sciences
Poznan, Poland

Christoph Kreutz
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Ivan S. Krylov
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Robert G. Kuimelis
Phylos, Inc.
Lexington, Massachusetts

Irina V. Kulikova
Russian Academy of Sciences
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Moscow, Russia

Pawan Kumar
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho

Takushi Kurihara
Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Osaka, Japan

Igor Kutyavin
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Maksim V. Kvach
Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry
Minsk, Belarus

Laurent Lacroix
Laboratoire de Biophysique
Inserm U565
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paris, France

Irene M. Lagoja
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Mahesh K. Lakshman
The City College and The City University of New York
New York, New York

Kathrin Lang
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Rémy Lartia
Département de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Joseph Fourier
Grenoble, France

Iván Lavandera
Universidad de Oviedo
Oviedo, Spain

Thomas Lavergne
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Alexandre Lebedev
TriLink BioTechnologies, Inc.
San Diego, California

Maxime Lecerf
Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Niles Lehman
Portland State University
Portland, Oregon

Christian Lehmann
University of Lausanne
Lausanne, Switzerland

Marc M. Lemaitre
Glen Research Corporation
Sterling, Virginia

Yves Lemoine
Institute Pasteur de Lille
Lille, France

Zbigniew J. Lesnikowski
Institute for Medical Biology
Polish Academy of Sciences
Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry
Lodz, Poland

Michael Leuck
Proligo LLC
Boulder, Colorado

Xingguo Liang
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

David M.J. Lilley
University of Dundee
Dundee, Scotland

Patrick A. Limbach
Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry
Department of Chemistry
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio

Feng-Wu Liu
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Victor Livengood
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Sergey Lokhov
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Christian Lomholt
Exiqon A/S
Vedbaek, Denmark

Harri Lönnberg
University of Turku
Turku, Finland

Eugene Lukhtanov
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Matthew H. Lyttle
Biosearch Technologies, Inc.
Novato, California

Emily J. Maglott
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Keisuke Makino
Kyoto University
Yoshida-Honmachi, Kyoto, Japan

Maria Mangos
McGill University
Montreal, Canada

Muthiah Manoharan
Department of Drug Discovery
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Vicente Marchán
Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Arnaud Marchand
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Lawrence J. Marnett
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Victor E. Marquez
Chemical Biology Laboratory
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
NIH
Frederick, Maryland

William S. Marshall
Dharmacon, Inc.
Lafayette, Colorado

Tokumi Maruyama
Tokushima Bunri University
Kagawa, Japan

David H. Mathews
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Akira Matsuda
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, Japan

Shigeo Matsuda
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Charles E. McKenna
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Larry W. McLaughlin
Boston College
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts

Dénia Mellal
Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France

Oleg Melnyk
Université de Lille 2
Lille, France

Jean-Louis Mergny
Laboratoire de Biophysique
Inserm U565
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Paris, France

Albert Meyer
Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
CNRS
Université Montpellier 1
Université Montpellier 2
Montpellier, France

C.L.F. Meyers
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

D.J. Meyers
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

John M. Micheletti
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Ronald Micura
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Sergey N. Mikhailov
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia

Gregory P. Miller
Stanford University
Stanford, California

M. Clarke Miller
James Graham Brown Cancer Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Paul S. Miller
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Bloomberg School of Public Health
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Tod J. Miller
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Samy Mohamady
Department of Chemistry
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Alan M. Morocho
Fidelity Systems, Inc.
Gaithersburg, Maryland

Holger Moroder
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Francois Morvan
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Pierre Murat
Département de Chimie Moléculaire
Université Joseph Fourier
Grenoble, France

Jon D. Moulton
Gene Tools, LLC
Philomath, Oregon

Kazuhiko Nakatani
Osaka University
Ibaraki, Japan

Rupesh Nanjunda
Department of Chemistry
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Barbara Nawrot
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
Polish Academy of Sciences
Lodz, Poland

Kazuo Negishi
Nihon Pharmaceutical University
Komuro, Ina, Saitama, Japan

Stephen Neidle
Cancer Research UK Biomolecular Structure Group
The UCL School of Pharmacy
London, United Kingdom

Jeffrey S. Nelson
Lynx Therapeutics
Hayward, California

Robert J. Nelson
Dakota Scientific
Sioux Falls, South Dakota

Pei-Sze Ng
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Christof M. Niemeyer
Universität Dortmund, Fachbereich Chemie
Dortmund, Germany

G. Ulrich Nienhaus
Institute of Biophysics
University of Ulm
Ulm, Germany and
Department of Physics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Hidenori Nishioka
Nagoya University
Nagoya, Japan

Anne M. Noronha
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Concordia University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Scott Norris
Division of Bacterial, Parasitic & Allergenic Products
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Christopher J. Nulf
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Timothy O′Dea
Boston College
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts

Krystal Ogle
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Tadaaki Ohgi
Discovery Research Laboratories
Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.
Ibaraki, Japan

Akimitsu Okamoto
Advanced Science Institute
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
Wako, Saitama, Japan and
PRESTO
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan

Akihiro Ohkubo
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo, Japan

Agnieszka B. Olejniczak
Institute for Medical Biology
Polish Academy of Sciences
Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry
Lodz, Poland

Christophe Olivier
Université de Lille 2
Lille, France

Nathalie Olivier
Université de Lille 2
Lille, France

Kazumitsu Onizuka
Kyushu University
Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

Michael E. Østergaard
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho

David Owen
Medical Research Council
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Seung Pil Pack
Korea University
Jochiwon, Chungnam, Korea

Seetharamaiyer Padmanabhan
Spring Bank Technologies
Milford, Massachusetts

Shantana Pal
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
College of Pharmacy
Ewha Womans University
Seoul, Korea

Chensong Pan
National Chromatographic R&A Center
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
Dalian, Chin

Tao Pan
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Divya Pandey
ChemGenes Corp.
Wilmington, Massachusetts

Krzysztof W. Pankiewicz
Center for Drug Design
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Keykavous Parang
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island

Steven E. Patterson
Center for Drug Design
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Enrique Pedroso
Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Xiaohua Peng
Universität Osnabrück
Osnabrück, Germany and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech)
Münster, Germany

Christian Périgaud
Université Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Suzanne Peyrottes
Université Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Wolfgang Pfleiderer
Konstanz University
Konstanz, Germany

Henrik M. Pfundheller
Exiqon A/S
Vedbaek, Denmark

Lawrence R. Phillips
National Cancer Institute
Frederick, Maryland

Claire Pierra
Université Montpellier II
Montpellier, France

Daniel S. Pilch
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Piscataway, New Jersey

Maneesh R. Pingle
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Richard M. Pires
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Stefan Pitsch
Institut de Chimie Organique, EPFL
Lausanne, Switzerland

Mark R. Player
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona

G. Eric Plum
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

Mikhail A. Podyminogin
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Jack Pollard
3rd Millennium Corporation
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Lenore M. Polo
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Nikolai N. Polushin
Fidelity Systems, Inc.
Gaithersburg, Maryland

Richard T. Pon
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Gwladys Pourceau
Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
CNRS
Université Montpellier 1
Université Montpellier 2
Montpellier, France

Thazha P. Prakash
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Carlsbad, California

Igor A. Prokhorenko
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
Moscow, Russia

Barbara Puffer
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Nitin Puri
Ambion, an Applied Biosystems Business
Austin, Texas

Arivazhagan Rajendran
Department of Chemistry
Graduate School of Science
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan and
CREST
Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
Tokyo, Japan

Srinivasa Rao
Dionex Corporation
Sunnyvale, California

Ravindra K. Rawal
The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Athens, Georgia

Beata Rebowska
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
Polish Academy of Sciences
Lodz, Poland

Michael W. Reed
Epoch Biosciences
Bothell, Washington

Colin B. Reese
King′s College London
London, United Kingdom

Dominik Rejman
Center for Drug Design
The University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Clemens Richert
Institute for Organic Chemistry
University of Stuttgart
Stuttgart, Germany

Chris Ricketts
ThermoFisher Scientific
Dharmacon Products
Lafayette, Colorado

Renate Rieder
Leopold-Franzens University
Innsbruck, Austria

Michael P. Robertson
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Morris J. Robins
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah

Lenore P. Rodicio
Department of Natural and Social Sciences
Miami Dade College
InterAmerican Campus
Miami, Florida

Andrei A. Rodionov
Russian Academy of Sciences
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Moscow, Russia

Eric B. Roesch
Glen Research Corporation
Sterling, Virginia

Steven E. Rokita
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Olga Romainczyk
Goethe-Universität
Frankfurt, Germany and
Universitat de Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain

Floyd E. Romesberg
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

John J. Rossi
Graduate School of Biological Sciences and
Division of Molecular Biology
Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope
Duarte, California

Eriks Rozners
Binghamton University, The State University of New York
Binghamton, New York

James Russell
Gen-Probe, Inc.
San Diego, California

Yogesh S. Sanghvi
Rasayan, Inc.
Encinitas, California

Yuta Sannohe
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

Shigeki Sasaki
Kyushu University
Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

Kousuke Sato
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Hokkaido University
Sapporo, Japan

Pooja Satya
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Stephen A. Scaringe
Dharmacon, Inc.
Lafayette, Colorado

Christian Schindler
Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Department of Medicine
Columbia University
New York, New York

Nathalie C. Schnetz-Boutaud
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Miriam E. Schwartz
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

John A. Secrist III
Southern Research Institute
Birmingham, Alabama

Frank Seela
Universität Osnabrück
Osnabrück, Germany and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech)
Münster, Germany

Nadrian C. Seeman
New York University
New York, New York

Kohji Seio
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo, Japan

Mitsuo Sekine
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Yokohama, Japan

H. Seliger
University of Ulm
Ulm, Germany

Annamalai Senthilvelan
Bioorganic Chemistry Division
Life Technologies Corporation
Austin, Texas

Kyunghyun Seo
Freshman Research Initiative
University of Texas
Austin, Texas

Michaela Serpi
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Punit P. Seth
Isis Pharmaceuticals
Carlsbad, California

Muthian Shanmugasundaram
Bioorganic Chemistry Division
Life Technologies Corporation
Austin, Texas

Kevin H. Shaughnessy
Department of Chemistry
The University of Alabama
Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Jia Sheng
Department of Chemistry
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Masahiko Shiraishi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
International University of Health and Welfare
Kitakanemaru, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan

Vadim V. Shmanai
Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry
Minsk, Belarus

Peter Šilhár
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
Prague, Czech Republic

Scott K. Silverman
University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Uma Sharan Singh
The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy
Athens, Georgia

Barton E. Slatko
New England Biolabs
Beverly, Massachusetts

Mary K. Smalley
University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Alan Smith
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Michal Sobkowski
Polish Academy of Sciences
Poznan, Poland

Elzbieta Sochacka
Institute of Organic Chemistry
Technical University of Lodz
Lodz, Poland

Jean-Pierre Sommadossi
Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Tobin R. Sosnick
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Balasubramanian Srinivasan
Bioorganic Chemistry Division
Life Technologies Corporation
Austin, Texas

Naveen P. Srivastava
ChemGenes Corp.
Wilmington, Massachusetts

Suresh C. Srivastava
ChemGenes Corp.
Wilmington, Massachusetts

Jacek Stawinski
Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden and Polish Academy of Sciences
Poznan, Poland

Wojciech J. Stec
Polish Academy of Sciences
Lodz, Poland

Irina A. Stepanova
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
Moscow, Russia

Dmitry A. Stetsenko
Medical Research Council
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Scott A. Strobel
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Roger Strömberg
Karolinska Institute
Stockholm, Sweden

Hiroshi Sugiyama
Department of Chemistry
Graduate School of Science
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan,
CREST
Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
Tokyo, Japan, and
Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

Gang Sun
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Concordia University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Christopher Switzer
Department of Chemistry
University of California
Riverside, California

Kazuki Tainaka
Advanced Science Institute
RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research)
Wako, Saitama, Japan and
Laboratory for Synthetic Biology
Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC)
RIKEN
Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

Satoshi Takamatsu
AminoScience Laboratories
Ajinomoto Co.
Kanagawa, Japan

Yosuke Taniguchi
Kyushu University
Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

T. Andrew Taton
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Scott D. Taylor
Department of Chemistry
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

J. R. Thayer
Dionex Corporation
Sunnyvale, California

Angela Thomas
ThermoFisher Scientific
Dharmacon Products
Lafayette, Colorado

Andrew Thompson
J-Star Research, Inc.
South Plainfield, New Jersey

Nguyen T. Thuong
Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS
Orléans, France

Shannon C. Timmons
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Edward N. Timofeev
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia

Ignacio Tinoco, Jr.
University of California
Berkeley, California

Paul F. Torrence
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona

Dilip K. Tosh
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
College of Pharmacy
Ewha Womans University
Seoul, Korea

John O. Trent
James Graham Brown Cancer Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Winston C. Tse
Gilead Sciences
Foster City, California

Dmitry A. Tsybulsky
Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry
Minsk, Belarus

Thomas D. Tullius
Boston University
Boston, Massachussetts

Douglas H. Turner
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

John J. Turner
Medical Research Council
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Shin-nosuke Uno
Osaka University
Ibaraki, Japan

Arthur Van Aerschot
Rega Institute for Medical Research
Leuven, Belgium

Barry Vant-Hull
NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
Boulder, Colorado

Jean-Jacques Vasseur
IBMM
University of Montpellier
Montpellier, France

Ekaterina Viazovkina
McGill University
Montreal, Canada

Robert Vince
Center for Drug Design
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Pasi Virta
University of Turku
Turku, Finland

Felix Voigts-Hoffmann
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
University of Heidelberg
Heidelberg, Germany

Stefan Vonhoff
NOXXON Pharma AG
Berlin, Germany

Helmut Vorbrüggen
Free University Berlin
Berlin, Germany

Ron Wacker
Chimera Biotec GmbH
Dortmund, Germany

Carston R. Wagner
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Nils G. Walter
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Gang Wang
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Piscataway, New Jersey

Jonathan K. Watts
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Patrick A. Weiss
Xeragon AG
Zürich, Switzerland

Theodore S. Widlandski
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Christopher J. Wilds
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Concordia University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Andrzej Wilk
Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Berea A.R. Williams
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona and
The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Donna Williams
Medical Research Council
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Cambridge, United Kingdom

J. R. Williamson
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

W. David Wilson
Department of Chemistry
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Francine E. Wincott
Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals
Boulder, Colorado

Stanislaw F. Wnuk
Florida International University
Miami, Florida

Blazej A. Wojtczak
Institute for Medical Biology
Polish Academy of Sciences
Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry
Lodz, Poland

Jia Liu Wolfe
Massachusetts General Hospital
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Andreas Wolter
Proligo LLC
Boulder, Colorado

Sarah A. Woodson
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Weidong Wu
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Songyun Xu
National Chromatographic R&A Center
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
Dalian, Chin

Xiaolin Xu
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Christina M. Yamada
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
Osaka University
Ibaraki, Japan

Danzhou Yang
College of Pharmacy
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona,
BIO5 Institute
The University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona, and
Arizona Cancer Center
Tucson, Arizona

Junichi Yano
Discovery Research Laboratories
Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd.
Ibaraki, Japan

Mingliang Ye
National Chromatographic R&A Center
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
Dalian, Chin

Alice Ylikoski
PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences
Turku, Finland

Chengzhi Yu
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Hanyang Yu
Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics
The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Yinan Yuan
Department of Chemistry
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, Michigan and
School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, Michigan

Valeria M. Zakharova
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California

Daniel Zewge
Department of Process Research
Merck Research Laboratories
Rahway, New Jersey

Su Zhang
Center for Evolutionary Medicine and Informatics
The Biodesign Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Wen Zhang
Georgia State University
Atlanta, Georgia

Zheng-yun Zhao
University of Dundee
Dundee, Scotland

Dominic A. Zichi
NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
Boulder, Colorado

William A. Ziehler
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Ivan Zlatev
Department of Drug Discovery
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
Cambridge, Massachusetts and
Ontorii, Inc.
Boston, Massachusetts

Hanfa Zou
National Chromatographic R&A Center
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
Dalian, Chin

Michael Zuker
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, New York