Current Protocols in Bioinformatics

Editors & Contributors

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Andreas D. Baxevanis (Editor-in-Chief)
Bethesda, Maryland

William R. Pearson
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

Lincoln D. Stein
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Gary D. Stormo
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

John R. Yates III
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

ADVISORY EDITORS

Daniel B. Davison
Morrisville, Pennsylvania

Gregory A. Petsko
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts

PAST EDITOR

Roderic D.M. Page
University of Glasgow
Glasgow, Scotland

CONTRIBUTORS

Paul D. Adams
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Berkeley, California

Enis Afgan
Center for Informatics and Computing
Rud-er Boskovic Institute (RBI)
Zagreb, Croatia and
Departments of Biology and Mathematics & Computer Science
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

Russ B. Altman
Genetics Department
Stanford University
Stanford, California and
Department of Bioengineering
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Florent E. Angly
Australian Centre for Ecogenomics
University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia and
Advanced Water Management Centre
University of Queensland
St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia

Corina Antonescu
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Valentin Antonescu
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Kiyoko F. Aoki
Bioinformatics Center
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

Rolf Apweiler
The EMBL Outstation
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge
United Kingdom

Anton Arkhipov
Department of Physics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois and
Beckman Institute
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Isaiah T. Arkin
The Hebrew University
Jerusalem, Israel

Patricia Babbitt
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Gary D. Bader
University of Toronto
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Timothy L. Bailey
University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia

Valmir C. Barbosa
Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program
COPPE
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Alex Bateman
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andreas D. Baxevanis
Bethesda, Maryland

Ronald Beavis
Beavis Informatics Ltd.
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada

Matthew Bellew
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Tanya Z. Berardini
Carnegie Institution
Stanford, California

Helen M. Berman
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

John Besemer
School of Biology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Medha Bhagwat
National Institutes of Health Library
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Judith A. Blake
The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine

Enrique Blanco
Centre de Regulació Genòmica
Institut Municipal d’Investigacío Mèdica
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain

Daniel Blankenberg
Penn State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Wolfgang F. Bluhm
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California

Bhavesh Borate
Bethesda, Maryland

Mark Borodovsky
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Christopher M.L.S. Bouton
LION Bioscience Research
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Alvis Brazma
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Michael R. Brent
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri

Susan K. Bromberg
Human and Molecular Genetics Center
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Shoshana Brown
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Brian P. Brunk
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Richard Burhans
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Kyle Burkhardt
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

J. Gregory Caporaso
Department of Computer Science
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona

Paulo C. Carvalho
Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program
COPPE
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Ron Caspi
SRI International
Menlo Park, California

Duccio Cavalieri
Bauer Center for Genomics Research
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Arnaud Ceol
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy

Gianni Cesareni
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy

Brad Chapman
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, Massachusetts

Andrew Chatr-aryamontri
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy

Feng Chen
Bayer Business and Technology Services
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals
Wayne, New Jersey

Nansheng Chen
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Yidong Chen
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Kwangbom Choi
Department of Computer Science
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Michael F. Chou
Department of Genetics
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Nadia A. Chuzhanova
Cardiff University
Cardiff, United Kingdom

Michelle F. Clasquin
Department of Chemistry and Integrative Genomics
Carl Icahn Laboratory
Princeton, New Jersey and
Molecular Biomarkers
Merck Research Laboratories
West Point, Pennsylvania

Dave Clements
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

Paul A. Clemons
Chemical Biology Program and Platform
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Melissa S. Cline
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
University of California, Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, California

Daniel Cociorva
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Penny Coggill
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Christopher M. Colangelo
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Brian Connolly
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Andrew Conway
Silicon Genetics
Redwood City, California

David N. Cooper
Cardiff University
Cardiff, United Kingdom

Richard Côté
EMBL-EBI
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Richard G.H. Cotton
Genomic Disorders Research Centre
St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne
Fitzroy, Australia and
The University of Melbourne
Melbourne, Australia

Kam D. Dahlquist
Vassar College
Poughkeepsie, New York

Daniel B. Davison
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
Hopewell, New Jersey

Ramana V. Davuluri
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Fabio De Bona
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
Max Planck Society
Tübingen, Germany

Melissa de la Bastide
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Paula de Matos
European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Dave DeCaprio
Chemical Biology Program and Platform
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

David W. Deerfield II
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Kirill Degtyarenko
European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Arthur L. Delcher
The Institute for Genomic Research
Rockville, Maryland and
Computer Science Department
Loyola College in Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland

Charles DeLisi
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts

Richard Desper
Department of Biology
University College
London, United Kingdom

Dimitris Dimitropoulos
European Bioinformatics Institute
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire
United Kingdom

Kara Dolinski
Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey

Qunfeng Dong
University of North Texas
Denton, Texas

Maureen J. Donlin
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Kate Dreher
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

Inna Dubchak
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, California

Dannie Durand
Department of Biological Sciences
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and
Department of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Shuchismita Dutta
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey

Bjarte Dysvik
MolMine AS
Thormoehlens
Bergen, Norway

Joshua Eckels
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Laura Elnitski
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

David Emmert
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Jimmy K. Eng
Department of Genome Sciences
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Marcus Ennis
European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

David Eramian
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Narayanan Eswar
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Ben Faga
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories
Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Jianxing Feng
School of Life Sciences and Technology
Tongji University
Shanghai, China

David Fenyo
GE Healthcare
Piscataway, New Jersey

Xosé M. Fernández-Suárez
EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jacquelyn S. Fetrow
Wake Forest University
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Robert Finn
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambs, United Kingdom

Steve Fischer
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Genetics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Andras Fiser
Department of Biochemistry and Seaver Foundation Center for Bioinformatics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Carolyn A. Fitch
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Ian J. Forsythe
Genome Alberta
Department of Computing Science
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Vedran Franke
Department of Biology
University of Zagreb
Zagreb, Croatia

Barbara Frewen
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Richard A. Friesner
Columbia University
New York, New York

Xin Gao
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Bertrand García-Moreno E.
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Olivier Gascuel
Equipe “Méthodes et Algorithmes pour la Bioinformatique”
LRMM-CNRS
Montpellier, France

Gretchen Gibney
Bethesda, Maryland

Toby. J. Gibson
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Heidelberg, Germany

Morgan C. Giddings
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina and
Department of Computer Science
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina and
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina and
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Robert Giegerich
Bielefeld University
Bielefeld, Germany

Don Gilbert
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Shawn M. Gomez
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Li Gong
Genetics Department
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Antonio González
Department of Computer Science
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Matthew Goode
Bioinformatics Institute and The Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution
University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand

David S. Goodsell
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Winston Gor
Genetics Department
Stanford University
Stanford, California

David Gordon
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Paul M.K. Gordon
Visual Genomics Centre
Faculty of Medicine
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

David F. Green
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Elizabeth A. Greene
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Anoop Grewal
NextBio
Cupertino, California

Sam Griffiths-Jones
University of Manchester
Manchester, United Kingdom

Paul Grosu
Bauer Center for Genomics Research
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Roderic Guigó
Centre de Regulació Genòmica
Institut Municipal d’Investigacío Mèdica
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain

Erol E. Gulcicek
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Kannan Gunasekaran
Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology
National Cancer Institute
Frederick, Maryland

Kristin C. Gunsalus
New York University
New York, New York

David K. Han
Department of Cell Biology
Center for Vascular Biology
University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut

Mary Pat Happ
Chemical Biology Program and Platform
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Omar S. Harb
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Ross Hardison
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Midori A. Harris
EMBL-EBI
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nomi Harris
University of California
Berkeley, California

Janna Hastings
European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

Robin Haw
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Matthew Healy
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
Wallingford, Connecticut

Sven Heinicke
Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey

Manuela Helmer-Citterich
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy

Jorja G. Henikoff
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Steven Henikoff
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Kim Henrick
European Bioinformatics Institute
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire
United Kingdom

Jaap Heringa
Integrative Bioinformatics Institute (IBIVU)
Free University
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Des G. Higgins
University College
Cork, Ireland

Jennifer Hillman-Jackson
Penn State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Angie S. Hinrichs
Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering
University of California Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, California

Jodi Hirschman
Department of Genetics
Saccharomyces Genome Database
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California

Ivo L. Hofacker
University of Vienna-Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
Vienna, Austria

Robert Hoffmann
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Christopher W.V. Hogue
The Blueprint Initiative
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute
Mount Sinai Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Liisa Holm
Institute of Biotechnology
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland

Jerry D. Holman
Department of Biomedical Informatics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Ian H. Holmes
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, California

Mark R. Holmes
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Michael R. Hoopmann
Institute for Systems Biology
Seattle, Washington

Ourania Horaitis
Genomic Disorders Research Centre
St. Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne
Fitzroy, Australia

Jen Hsin
Department of Physics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois and
Beckman Institute
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Ping Hu
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri

Zhenjun Hu
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts

Eva Huala
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

DaWei Huang
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Xiaoqiu Huang
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Ruth Huey
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Daniel H. Huson
Center for Bioinformatics Tübingen
Tübingen University
Tübingen, Germany

Peter Hussey
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Curtis Huttenhower
Department of Biostatistics
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, Massachusetts

Doug Hyatt
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Mark Igra
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Tomozumi Imamichi
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

John B. Iodice
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Genetics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

John Ionides
European Bioinformatics Institute
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire
United Kingdom

John J. Irwin
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Nikolai Ivanov
School of Biology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Mitsuo Iwadate
Kitasato University
Tokyo, Japan

Vishwanath R. Iyer
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Margita Jadan
Division of Materials Chemistry
Laboratory for Ichthyopathology–Biological Materials
Rud-er Boskovic Institute (RBI)
Zagreb, Croatia

D. Curtis Jamison
George Mason University
Manassas, Virginia

Géraldine Jean
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
Max Planck Society
Tübingen, Germany

Hongkai Ji
The Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Hui Jiang
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Bino John
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics
The Rockefeller University
New York, New York

Inge Jonassen
University of Bergen
Bergen, Norway and
Computational Biology Unit, BCCS
University of Bergen
Bergen, Norway

Phil Jones
EMBL-EBI
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Sakari Kääriäinen
Institute of Biotechnology
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland

André Kahles
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
Max Planck Society
Tübingen, Germany

Minoru Kanehisa
Bioinformatics Center
Institute for Chemical Research
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

Huey-Ling Kao
New York University
New York, New York

Misha Kapushesky
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Donna Karolchik
Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering
University of California Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, California

Peter D. Karp
SRI International
Menlo Park, California

Jonathan Katz
Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering
University of Southern California
Center for Applied Molecular Medicine
Los Angeles, California

Deepak Kaushal
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee

Neil L. Kelleher
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

W. James Kent
Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering
University of California Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, California

Patrick J. Killion
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Teri E. Klein
Genetics Department
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Jens Kleinjung
Integrative Bioinformatics Institute (IBIVU)
Free University
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Rob Knight
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Uzi Kochva
The Hebrew University
Jerusalem, Israel

Brian C. Koebbe
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri

Nikolay Kolesnikov
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Sergey Koren
Department of Computer Science
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Nandini Krishnamurthy
University of California
Berkeley, California

Oleg V. Krokhin
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Allan Kuchinsky
Agilent Technologies
Santa Clara, California

Justin Kuczynski
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Heidi Kuehn
Chemical Biology Program and Platform
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Alexander Kurosky
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, Texas

Istvan (Steve) Ladunga
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Lincoln, Nebraska

Gilles Lajoie
University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario, Canada

Peter Lambert
NextBio
Cupertino, California

Philippe Lamesch
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

Ben Langmead
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Wendy Law
Marsha Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer Research
Seattle, Washington

Charles E. Lawrence
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Richard D. LeDuc
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Yuandan Lee
The Institute for Genomic Research
Rockville, Maryland

Richard A. Lempicki
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Shonda A. Leonard
Rockville, Maryland

Hadas Leonov
The Hebrew University
Jerusalem, Israel

Arthur Liberzon
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Luana Licata
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Rome, Italy

Timothy G. Littlejohn
IBM Life Sciences
St. Leonards, NSW, Australia

Tao Liu
Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, Massachusetts

Michael S. Livstone
Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey

Alex Lomsadze
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Deborah H. Lundgren
Department of Cell Biology
Center for Vascular Biology
University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut

Bin Ma
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Wenxiu Ma
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Ze-Qiang Ma
Department of Biomedical Informatics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Michael J. MacCoss
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Aaron J. Mackey
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

Sebastian D. Mackowiak
Laboratory for Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements
Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine
Berlin, Germany

M.S. Madhusudhan
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Parag Mallick
Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering
University of Southern California
Center for Applied Molecular Medicine
Los Angeles, California and
Department of Radiology
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Lennart Martens
EMBL-EBI
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Harryl Martinez
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
Carver College of Medicine
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Marc A. Marti-Renom
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

David H. Mathews
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York

W. Richard McCombie
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Lee Ann McCue
Center for Bioinformatics
The Wadsworth Center
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York

Martin McIntosh
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Sheldon J. McKay
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, New York and
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

Walter McMurray
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Eugene Melamud
Department of Chemistry and Integrative Genomics
Carl Icahn Laboratory
Princeton, New Jersey and
Oncology
Pfizer
Pearl River, New York

Joseph Mellor
Boston University
Boston, Massachusetts

Paul S. Meltzer
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Jill P. Mesirov
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Webb Miller
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Ryan Mills
School of Biology
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Nebojsa Mirkovic
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics
The Rockefeller University
New York, New York

Sima Misra
University of California
Berkeley, California

Robert L. Moritz
Institute for Systems Biology
Seattle, Washington

Garrett M. Morris
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Nicola J. Mulder
The EMBL Outstation
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Juliane Murphy
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Tamra Myers
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Clayton W. Naeve
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee

Vijay Narayanasamy
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Anton Nekrutenko
Penn State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Elizabeth K. Nelson
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Hugh B. Nicholas Jr.
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Cedric Notredame
Centre de Regulació Genòmica
Barcelona, Spain

Ruth Nussinov
Laboratory of Experimental and Computational Biology
SAIC-Frederick
Frederick, Maryland and
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel

Arthur J. Olson
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Eric Olson
Geospiza, Inc.
Seattle, Washington

Mary Jo Ondrechen
Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts

Assaf Oron
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel

Rose Oughtred
Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey

Ryan P. Owen
Genetics Department
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Roderic D.M. Page
University of Glasgow
Glasgow, Scotland

Sung Kyu Park
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Helen Parkinson
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Genís Parra
Centre de Regulació Genòmica
Institut Municipal d’Investigacío Mèdica
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain

Giulio Pavesi
University of Milan
Milan, Italy

William Pearson
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia

Robert M. Peitzsch
Pfizer Global Research and Development
Groton, Connecticut

Mihaela Pertea
The Institute for Genomic Research
Rockville, Maryland

Graziano Pesole
University of Milan
Milan, Italy

Kjell Petersen
Computational Biology Unit, BCCS
University of Bergen
Bergen, Norway

Gregory A. Petsko
Brandeis University
Waltham, Massachusetts

Jonathan Pevsner
Kennedy Krieger Institute and
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Adam M. Phillippy
The Institute for Genomic Research
Rockville, Maryland

Christian Pich
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon

Ursula Pieper
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Shmuel Pietrokovski
Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot, Israel

Dariusz Plewczynski
Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computation Modeling
University of Warsaw
Warsaw, Poland

Ram Podicheti
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Mihai Pop
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland and
Department of Computer Science
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Sandra Porter
Digital World Biology
Seattle, Washington and
Geospiza, Inc.
Seattle, Washington

David Posada
Universidad de Vigo
Vigo, Spain

John Quackenbush
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Department of Chemistry and Integrative Genomics
Carl Icahn Laboratory
Princeton, New Jersey

Sridhar Ramachandran
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon

Igor Ratnere
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, California

Gunnar Rätsch
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
Max Planck Society
Tübingen, Germany

Adam Rauch
LabKey Software
Seattle, Washington

Jens Reeder
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Michael Reich
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Leonore Reiser
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

David Remsen
BioCurrents Research Center
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Matthew P. Repasky
Schrodinger, L.L.C.
New York, New York

Seung Yon Rhee
Carnegie Institution
Stanford, California

Cathy Riemer
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Richard J. Roberts
New England Biolabs
Beverly, Massachusetts

Rex R. Robison
National Institutes of Health Library
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Allen G. Rodrigo
Bioinformatics Institute and The Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution
University of Auckland
Auckland, New Zealand

Alexander J. Ropelewski
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

David S. Roos
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Barbara Ruef
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon

Gabriella Rustici
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ravi Sachidanandam
Sachidanandam Lab
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Andrej Sali
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Steven L. Salzberg
The Institute for Genomic Research
Rockville, Maryland

Ugis Sarkans
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI)
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Rajkumar Sasidharan
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

Ian Schenck
Penn State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Heiko A. Schmidt
Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV)
Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL)
Vienna, Austria and
University of Vienna, Austria
Medical University
Vienna, Austria and
University of Veterinary Medicine
Vienna, Austria

Jonathan Schug
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Klaus Schulten
Department of Physics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois and
Beckman Institute
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Michael K. Schuster
EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Benjamin Schuster-Böckler
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Daniel Schwartz
Department of Physiology and Neurobiology
University of Connecticut
Storrs, Connecticut

Scott Schwartz
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania

Erich M. Schwarz
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California

Kathleen Petri Seile
Chemical Biology Program and Platform
Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Christoph W. Sensen
Visual Genomics Centre
Faculty of Medicine
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Manesh Shah
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

David R. Shaw
MGI User Support
The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine

Mee Shelley
Schrodinger, L.L.C.
Portland, Oregon

Min-yi Shen
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Brad T. Sherman
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Victor Simossis
Integrative Bioinformatics Institute (IBIVU)
Free University
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Kimmen Sjölander
University of California
Berkeley, California

Mitchell E. Skinner
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, California

Marek S. Skrzypek
Department of Genetics
Saccharomyces Genome Database
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California

Jennifer S. Smith
Human and Molecular Genetics Center
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Peter J. S. Smith
BioCurrents Research Center
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Todd Smith
Geospiza, Inc.
Seattle, Washington

Michael E. Smoot
Department of Bioengineering
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California

Jung Soh
Visual Genomics Centre
Faculty of Medicine
University of Calgary
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Dan D. Sommer
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Vic Spicer
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Judy Sprague
University of Oregon
Eugene, Oregon

Heidi Spratt
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, Texas

Vipin T. Sreedharan
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
Max Planck Society
Tübingen, Germany

Jason E. Stajich
University of California Riverside
Riverside, California

Anne Kristin Stavrum
University of Bergen
Bergen, Norway and
Center for Medical Genetics and
Molecular Medicine
Haukeland University Hospital
Bergen, Norway

Lincoln D. Stein
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Peter D. Stenson
Cardiff University
Cardiff, United Kingdom

Robert Stephens
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Paul W. Sternberg
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California

Jordan Stockton
Silicon Genetics
Redwood City, California

Jordan Stockton
Agilent Technologies
Santa Clara, California

Christian J. Stoeckert, Jr.
Center for Bioinformatics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and
Department of Genetics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jesse Stombaugh
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

John E. Stone
Beckman Institute
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Kathryn Stone
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Gary D. Stormo
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Ashley Stuart
Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics
The Rockefeller University
New York, New York

Karsten Suhre
Information Genetique et Structurale, CNRS
Marseilles, France

Razvan Sultana
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

David Swarbreck
Carnegie Institution for Science
Stanford, California

David Swofford
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida

David L. Tabb
Department of Biomedical Informatics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Mao Tanabe
Bioinformatics Center Institute for Chemical Research
Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan

Maja Tarailo-Graovac
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

James Taylor
Departments of Biology and Mathematics & Computer Science
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

Nick Taylor
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, Washington

Julie D. Thompson
Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
Illkirch Cedex, France

Steven M. Thompson
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida

William Thompson
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Bruce Tidor
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Todd J. Treangen
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Simon N. Twigger
Human and Molecular Genetics Center
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Edward C. Uberbacher
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Hideaki Umeyama
Kitasato University
Tokyo, Japan

Marijke J. van Baren
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri

Imre Vastrik
EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ismael A. Vergara
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Benjamin Vernot
Department of Biological Sciences
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(Currently at the Department of Genome Sciences
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington)

Arndt von Haeseler
Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV)
Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL)
Vienna, Austria and
University of Vienna, Austria
Medical University
Vienna, Austria and
University of Veterinary Medicine
Vienna, Austria

William Anton Walters
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Ting Wang
University of California at Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, California

Stefan Washietl
University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria

Ben Webb
University of California at San Francisco
San Francisco, California

David Wheeler
Human Genome Center
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas

James C. Wilgenbusch
Florida State University
Tallahassee, Florida

Kenneth Williams
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Randall C. Willis
The Blueprint Initiative
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute
Mount Sinai Hospital
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Chris Wilton
Institute of Biotechnology
University of Helsinki
Helsinki, Finland

David S. Wishart
Department of Computing Science
University of Alberta
Alberta, Canada,
Department of Biological Sciences
University of Alberta
Alberta, Canada, and
National Research Council
National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT)
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Tyra G. Wolfsberg
Bethesda, Maryland

Haim Wolfson
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv, Israel

Wing Hung Wong
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Michael E. Wright
Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
Carver College of Medicine
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

Baolin Wu
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Terence Wu
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Yang Wu
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Jianguo Xia
Department of Computing Science
University of Alberta
Alberta, Canada

Iris Xu
Carnegie Institution
Stanford, California

Jun Yang
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Shiaw-Pyng Yang
Washington University Medical School
St. Louis, Missouri

John R. Yates, III
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Bozidar Yerkovichi
The Rockefeller University
New York, New York

Natalie Yeung
University of Toronto
Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ying Yin
Department of Physics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois and
Beckman Institute
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Danny Yoo
Carnegie Institution
Stanford, California

Lynn Young
National Institutes of Health Library
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Daniel R. Zerbino
Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering
Santa Cruz, California and
EMBL-EBI
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Cambridge, United Kingdom

Michael Q. Zhang
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, New York

Peili Zhang
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Yong Zhang
School of Life Sciences and Technology
Tongji University
Shanghai, China

Hongyu Zhao
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Xin Zheng
National Cancer Institute at Frederick
Frederick, Maryland

Pinglei Zhou
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Angela Zuniga-Meyer
Human and Molecular Genetics Center
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin