Magnesium Alloys and their Applications

Copyright © 2000 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH

Magnesium Alloys and their Applications

Editor(s): K. U. Kainer

Published Online: 15 MAY 2006

Print ISBN: 9783527302826

Online ISBN: 9783527607556

DOI: 10.1002/3527607552

About this Book

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About The Product

The need for light-weight materials, especially in the automobile industry, created renewed interest in innovative applications of magnesium materials. This demand has resulted in increased research and development activity in companies and research institutes in order to achieve an improved property profile and better choice of alloy systems.
Here, development trends and application potential in different fields like the automotive industry and communication technology are discussed in an interdisciplinary framework.

Table of contents

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      Front Matter (pages I–XVIII)

  2. Alloy Development

    1. Global Overview on Demand and Applications for Magnesium Alloys (pages 1–8)

      Robert L. Edgar

    2. Focused Development of Magnesium-Alloys Using Computational Thermochemistry as a Powerful Tool (pages 9–13)

      Rainer Schmid-Fetzer, Joachim Gröbner and Dmytro Kevorkov

    3. Development of Practical High Temperature Magnesium Casting Alloys (pages 14–22)

      J. F. King

    4. Development of a Low-cost, Temperature- and Creep-resistant Magnesium Die-casting Alloy (pages 23–28)

      F. v. Buch, S. Schumann, E. Aghion, B. Bronfin, B. L. Mordike, M. Bamberger and D. Eliezer

    5. Creep Resistant Mg Alloy Development (pages 29–34)

      Ketil Pettersen, Håkon Westengen, Jan Ivar Skar, Marianne Videm and Liu-Ying Wei

    6. Development of High Temperature Creep Resistant Alloys (pages 35–40)

      Barry L. Mordike and Frank von Buch

    7. New Magnesium Wrought Alloys (pages 41–46)

      C. Jaschik, H. Haferkamp and M. Niemeyer

    8. Effects of Alloying Elements of the Creep Resistance of Thixomolded Mg-Al-Ca-X (X=Si, Zn, Mm, Ba, Sr) Alloys (pages 47–52)

      Tadayoshi Tsukeda, Ryouhei Uchida, Ken Saito, Mayumi Suzuki, Jun-ichi Koike, Kouichi Maruyama and Hiroshi Kubo

    9. Precipitation Processes in Magnesium-Heavy Rare Earth Alloys during Ageing at 300°C (pages 53–58)

      P. J. Apps, G. W. Lorimer, H. Karimzadeh and J. F. King

    10. Grain Refinement of Magnesium Casting Alloys by Boron Addition (pages 59–64)

      Naohisa Nishino, Hiroshi Kawahara, Yoshihiro Shimizu and Hiroaki Iwahori

    11. Studies on Cadmium and Silver Trace Element Modified AZ91C Magnesium Alloy (pages 65–72)

      Rajashekhar Shabadi, Rajan Ambat, E. S. Dwarakadasa, K. L. Bhat and V. Gopalakrishnan

    12. Electrophysical Properties of Mg-Pb Based Liquid Alloys and Their Application (pages 73–78)

      Yuriy Plevachuk

    13. Mg-Al-(Sc,Gd) Alloy Design Using Computational Thermochemistry (pages 79–83)

      Joachim Gröbner, Dmytro Kevorkov, Alexander Pisch and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer

    14. Mg-alloy Database Construction: Investigation of Al-Li-Si Phase Equilibria (pages 84–87)

      D. Kevorkov, J. Gröbner and R. Schmid-Fetzer

    15. Mg-alloy Database Construction: Investigation of Al-Ca Phase Equilibria (pages 88–91)

      D. Kevorkov and R. Schmid-Fetzer

    16. Aging Response of Mg-Rare Earth Alloys with Low Scandium Content (pages 92–97)

      Bohumil Smola, Ivana Stulíková, Jitka Pelcová, Frank von Buch and Barry L. Mordike

    17. Phase Equilibria, Microstructure and Properties of Novel Mg-Mn-Y Alloys (pages 98–102)

      Alexander Pisch, Caroline Antion, Catherine Tassin, Francis Baillet, Joachim Gröbner and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer

    18. Microstructure and Protium Absorbing/desorbing Characteristics of Mg-Ni-Mn Alloys (pages 103–109)

      Hayato Okumura, Tohru Tabata, Akihiro Matsui, Shigeharu Kamado and Yo Kojima

    19. Heat and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Zn-Al-Ca Alloys (pages 110–115)

      I. A. Anyanwu, T. Honda, S. Kamado, Y. Kojima, S. Takeda and T. Ishida

  3. Texture and Microstructure

    1. Texture Analysis as a Tool for Wrought Magnesium Alloy Development (pages 117–124)

      S. R. Agnew, M. H. Yoo and J. A. Horton

    2. Microstructure, Texture and Residual Microstrains in MgAl8Zn Deformed at Very High Strain Rates (pages 125–130)

      A. Pyzalla, M. Brodmann, P. L. Lee and D. Haeffner

    3. Zn Incorporation within the Intermetallic Mg12(LaxCe1−x) Lattice in Elektron MEZ (pages 131–136)

      C. J. Bettles, C. J. Rossouw and K. Venkatesan

    4. Orientation Relationship in Mg-Mg17Al12 Eutectic (pages 137–142)

      Sigrid Guldberg and Nils Ryum

    5. Influence of Texture on Deformation Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 (pages 143–148)

      Robert Gehrmann, Matthias M. Frommert and Günter Gottstein

    6. Ageing Behaviour and Microstructure of a Mg-9Al-3Zn Alloy (pages 149–154)

      K. Venkatesan and C. J. Bettles

    7. Magnesium SiC Reinforced Composites – Texture and Residual Strain Investigation by Simulation and Experiments (pages 155–160)

      H.-G. Brokmeier, E. M. Jansen, P. Spalthoff, J. A. Signorelli, P. A. Turner and R. E. Bolmaro

    8. Effect of Thermomechanical Treatments on the Microstructure of AZ91 Alloy (pages 161–167)

      N. V. Ravi Kumar, J. J. Blandin and M. Suéry

    9. Magnesium Applications in Aerospace and Electronic Industries (pages 168–172)

      Prof. Benjamin Landkof

  4. Joining

    1. Friction Stir Welding of Lightweight Materials (pages 173–190)

      Stephan W. Kallee, Wayne M. Thomas and E. Dave Nicholas

    2. Strategies to Reduce Porosity in Electron Beam Welds of Magnesium Die-Casting Alloys (pages 191–199)

      Christian Vogelei, Dietrich von Dobeneck, Ingo Decker and Helmut Wohlfahrt

    3. Influences on the Static and Dynamic Strength of MIG-welded Magnesium Alloys (pages 200–204)

      M. Rethmeier, S. Wiesner and H. Wohlfahrt

  5. Magnesium Matrix Composites

    1. Design Rules for Selective Reinforcement of Mg-Castings by MMC Inserts (pages 205–214)

      H. P. Degischer, F. G. Rammerstorfer and O. Beffort

    2. The Influence of Ca-Additions on the Mechanical Properties of T300-C-Fibre/Mg(Al) Metal Matrix Composites (pages 215–220)

      Olivier Beffort and Christian Hausmann

    3. Fabrication and Properties of Cast and Extruded SiCw/AZ91Mg Composites (pages 221–228)

      Junichi Kaneko, Makoto Sugamata, Jun Su Kim and Masataka Kon

    4. Thermal Fatigue of Magnesium Matrix Composites (pages 229–233)

      Frantis̆ek Chmelík, Pavel Lukác̆, Stanislav Kúdela, Jens Kiehn, Barry Leslie Mordike and Karl-Ulrich Kainer

    5. Microstructure and Creep Behavior of SiC Particulate Reinforced QE 22 Composite (pages 234–239)

      Milan Svoboda, Marie Pahutova, Florian Moll, Josef Brezina and Vaclav Sklenicka

    6. Formation of Mg2Si by Infiltration of C-Fibres-Si-Hybrid-Preforms (pages 240–245)

      Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. U. Kainer, H. Dieringa, P. Schulz and J. Reiter

    7. Flow Mechanisms in Creep of an AZ 91 Magnesium-based Composite (pages 246–251)

      Vaclav Sklenicka, Marie Pahutova, Kveta Kucharova, Milan Svoboda and Terence G. Langdon

    8. Possibilities of the Heat Treatment of Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles (pages 252–256)

      K. N. Braszczyńska

    9. Fabrication and Microstructure Analysis of Al18B4O33 Ceramics Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Matrix Composites (pages 257–262)

      Gen Sasaki, Syunsuke Hara, Makoto Yoshida, Jin Pan, Nobuyuki Fuyama, Toshio Fujii and Hideharu Fukunaga

    10. Dynamic Behaviour of Magnesium Matrix Composites in Elevated Temperature (pages 263–267)

      E. Lach, T. U. Benzler, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. U. Kainer, A. Bohmann and M. Scharf

  6. Mechanical Development

    1. The Use of Magnesium in Cars – Aspects of Corrosion (pages 269–273)

      Matthias Brettmann, Bertram Reinhold and Herbert Schnattinger

    2. Mechanical Properties of Extruded Magnesium Alloys (pages 274–279)

      B. Closset

    3. The Grain Size Dependence of Strength in the Extruded AZ91 Mg Alloy (pages 280–284)

      M. Mabuchi, Y. Yamada, K. Shimojima, C. E. Wen, Y. Chino, M. Nakamura, T. Asahina, H. Iwasaki, T. Aizawa and K. Higashi

    4. Formability and Strain Rate Sensitivity of a Mg-8.5Li-1Zn Alloy Sheet (pages 285–290)

      Hirohiko Takuda, Shiomi Kikuchi and Kohei Kubota

    5. Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys Processed by Semi-Solid Casting (pages 291–295)

      Wolfram Wagener, Dierk Hartmann, Frank Lehnert and Klaus Scholz

    6. Determination of Material Properties and Numerical Simulation to Predict the Mechanical Performance of Die Casted Components (pages 296–303)

      Moritz Wuth, Elke Lieven and Wolfgang Böhme

    7. Fatigue Design with Cast Magnesium Alloys (pages 304–311)

      C. M. Sonsino, K. Dieterich, L. Wenk and A. Till

    8. Isothermal Fatigue of Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ31 (pages 312–317)

      Ulf Noster, Igor Altenberger and Berthold Scholtes

    9. Characterisation of Precipitate Phases in WE54 and AZ91 Alloys (pages 318–323)

      J. F. Nie, X. L. Xiao and C. P. Luo

    10. Compression Test on Magnesium Alloy MgAl8Zn at High Strain Rates and Temperatures (pages 324–329)

      E. El-Magd and M. Abouridouane

    11. Wear Behaviour of Laser Surface Treated Magnesium Alloys (pages 330–335)

      U. Kutschera and R. Galun

    12. Mechanical Behavior and Residual Stresses in AZ31 Wrought Magnesium Alloy Subjected to Four Point Bending (pages 336–341)

      J. P. Nobre, U. Noster, J. Gibmeier, I. Altenberger, M. Kornmeier, A. Dias and B. Scholtes

    13. Superplasticity of Magnesium-based Alloys (pages 342–347)

      Ulrich Draugelates, Antonia Schram and Claus-Christian Kedenburg

    14. Cyclic Deformation Behavior of the Cast Magnesium Alloy AZ91 (pages 348–353)

      H. W. Höppel, G. Eisenmeier, B. Holzwarth and H. Mughrabi

    15. Deformation Twinning of AZ31 Alloy in Quasistatitic and Dynamic Compression Tests (pages 354–358)

      E. Lach, K. U. Kainer, A. Bohmann and M. Scharf

    16. Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Magnesium Structural Components (pages 359–364)

      Andrea Ockewitz, Christoph Schendera, Dong-Zhi Sun, Bernd Grosser and Andreas Hamann

    17. Internationalization of Magnesium Research Through USCAR in North America and EUCAR in Europe (pages 365–369)

      Gerald Cole

  7. Application

    1. High-speed-drilling in AZ91 D without Lubricoolants (pages 371–379)

      Franz Tikal, Marcus Schmier and Christian Vollmer

    2. Design, Optimization and Reliability of Magnesium Safety Vehicle Parts (pages 380–386)

      Yehuda Tzabari, Israel Reich and Yoel Bahalul

    3. Development and Production of a Die-cast Magnesium Convertible Soft-top Cover (pages 387–390)

      Peter Geist, Frank Lehnert and Uwe Kwasny

    4. Magnesium Motorcycle Wheels For Racing Applications (pages 391–396)

      Knut J. Schemme

    5. Weight and Cost Saving with Magnesium Die Castings (pages 397–401)

      Andreas Mertz

    6. Cast Magnesium Alloys for Wide Application (pages 402–405)

      P. G. Detkov, I. Yu. Mukhina and A. D. Zhirnov

    7. Improving the Characteristics of Magnesium Workpieces by Burnishing Operations (pages 406–411)

      H. K. Tönshoff, T. Friemuth, J. Winkler and C. Podolsky

    8. Machining of Light-metal Matrix Composites (pages 412–417)

      Klaus Weinert, Matthias Lange and Michael Schroer

    9. Nitriding of Pressure Die Casting Dies and Tool Elements (pages 418–422)

      Harald R. Schmauser

  8. Corrosion and Surface Treatment

    1. Corrosion Behaviour of the Microstructural Constituents of AZ Alloys (pages 423–431)

      Guangling Song, Andrej Atrens, David St. John and Li Zheng

    2. Corrosion Properties of Die Cast AM Alloys (pages 432–438)

      Marianne Videm, Jan Ivar Skar and Per Bakke

    3. Improved Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance of AM and AZ Alloys by Ca and RE Additions (pages 439–444)

      Helena Alves and Uwe Köster

    4. Corrosion Behavior of Thin Wall Magnesium Products Molded by Thixomolding (pages 445–450)

      Isao Nakatsugawa, Hidenori Takayasu and Ken Saito

    5. Effect of Foundry Processing on the Corrosion Performance of High Purity Magnesium Sand Casting Alloys (pages 451–456)

      H. Karimzadeh

    6. Corrosion of the Magnesium Alloy AZ91 and its Influence on Fatigue Properties (pages 457–462)

      Clemens Müller, Ralf Koch and Günter Hans Deinzer

    7. Effect of Mechanical Surface Treatment and Environment on Fatigue of Wrought Magnesium Alloys (pages 463–468)

      Matthias Hilpert and Lothar Wagner

    8. Phosphate Permanganate: A Chrome Free Alternative for Magnesium Pre-treatment (pages 469–474)

      Jan Ivar Skar and Darryl Albright

    9. Alternatives to Cr(VI) Conversion Coatings for Magnesium Alloys (pages 475–483)

      I. Azkarate, P. Cano, A. Del Barrio, M. Insausti and P. Santa Coloma

    10. Surface Treatments for Large Automotive Magnesium Components (pages 484–491)

      G. Guerci, C. Mus and Kevin Stewart

    11. Coating System for Magnesium Diecastings in Class A Surface Quality (pages 492–498)

      R. Gadow, F. J. Gammel, F. Lehnert, D. Scherer and J. I. Skar

    12. Corrosion Fatigue and Corrosion Creep of Magnesium Alloys (pages 499–505)

      A. Eliezer, E. M. Gutman, E. Abramov, Ya. Unigovski and E. Aghion

    13. Corrosion Resistance of Die Casting AZ91D Magnesium Alloys in the Atmosphere (pages 506–513)

      H. Umehara, M. Takaya and T. Itoh

    14. Fabrication of Pure Magnesium Films on Magnesium Alloys by Vapor Deposition Technique (pages 514–518)

      H. Tsubakino, A. Yamamoto, A. Watanabe and S. Fukumoto

    15. Corrosion Creep of Magnesium and Die-cast Magnesium Alloys (pages 519–524)

      E. M. Gutman, Ya. Unigovski, A. Eliezer and E. Abramov

    16. Response of Light Alloys to Mechanical Surface Treatments: Comparison of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys (pages 525–529)

      Matthias Hilpert and Lothar Wagner

  9. Processing

    1. The Fundamentals of the New Rheocasting Process for Magnesium Alloys (pages 531–539)

      Helmut Kaufmann and Peter J. Uggowitzer

    2. High Performance Die Castings – Utilizing Magnesium's Properties (pages 540–547)

      Terje Kr. Aune, Håkon Westengen and Darryl Albright

    3. Optimized Development for Magnesium Castings and Casting Processes – Increase in Value by Applying a Closed Process Chain for the Development of Automotive Magnesium Castings (pages 548–552)

      Dr.-Ing. Götz Hartmann and Dr.-Ing. Achim Egner-Walter

    4. Thin-walled Mg Structural Parts by a Low-pressure Sand Casting Process (pages 553–557)

      F. J. Edler, G. Lagrené and R. Siepe

    5. Quality Index Charts for Mg-based Casting Alloys (pages 558–563)

      C. H. Cáceres

    6. Magnesium Adapted Continuous Casting Technology (pages 564–570)

      U. Holzkamp, H. Haferkamp and M. Niemeyer

    7. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Mg Foams (pages 571–576)

      Cui'e Wen, Yasuo Yamada, Koji Shimojima, Mamoru Mabuchi, Mamoru Nakamura, Tadashi Asahina, Tatsuhiko Aizawa and Kenji Higashi

    8. Semi Solid Injection Molding of Magnesium Alloys (pages 577–583)

      Andreas Dworog, Marc Kothen, Dierk Hartmann, Karl Kuhmann and Christian Boehnke

    9. Characterization of Melt Spun Mg-Ca-Zn Alloys (pages 584–589)

      P. M. Jardim, I. G. Solórzano, J. B. Vander Sande, B. S. You and W. W. Park

    10. Properties and Perspectives of Magnesium Rolled Products (pages 590–595)

      J. Enss, T. Everetz, T. Reier and P. Juchmann

    11. Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behaviour of Extruded Magnesium Alloys (pages 596–601)

      K. U. Kainer, E. Doege, S. Janssen and T. Ebert

    12. Properties and Processing of Magnesium Wrought Products for Automotive Applications (pages 602–608)

      Wolfgang Sebastian, Klaus Dröder and Sönke Schumann

    13. Hydrostatic Extrusion of Magnesium (pages 609–614)

      Kenneth Savage, John F. King and Adri van Kooij

    14. Deep Drawing of Magnesium Sheet Metal at Room Temperature (pages 615–620)

      Hans-Wilfried Wagener and Frank Lehnert

    15. Hot and Cold Forming Behaviour of Magnesium Alloys AZ31 and AZ61 (pages 621–627)

      Lotfi Chabbi, Wolfgang Lehnert, Rudolf Kawalla and Frank Lehnert

    16. Suppression of Mold-Metal Reactions during Investment Casting (pages 628–634)

      Mohd Hasbullah Idris, Ali Ourdjini, Esah Hamzah and Allen Clegg

    17. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Melt-quenched Mg-Gd-(Ni, Cu or Zn) Alloys (pages 635–638)

      Kunio Matsuzaki, Masaharu Takahashi and Toshio Sano

    18. Simulation of Open-cell Magnesium Foams under Dynamic Loading (pages 639–644)

      K. Shimojima, M. Mabuchi, Y. Yamada, C. E. Wen, Y. Chino, M. Nakamura, T. Asahina, T. Aizawa and K. Higashi

    19. Processing of Cellular Magnesium Alloy (pages 645–650)

      Yasuo Yamada, Cui'e Wen, Koji Shimojima, Mamoru Mabuchi, Mamoru Nakamura, Tadashi Asahina, Tatsuhiko Aizawa and Kenji Higashi

    20. Semi-solid Forming of New Mg-Zn-Al-Ca Alloys (pages 651–656)

      Shigeharu Kamado, Naoyuki Ikeya, Rachmat Suhardi Rudi, Tomomi Araki and Yo Kojima

  10. Physical Properties

    1. Damping in Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (pages 657–664)

      Werner Riehemann

    2. Thermal Diffusivity and Thermal Conductivity of Mg Alloys (pages 665–670)

      Alexandra Rudajevová and Pavel Lukác̆

    3. Experimental Determination of Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient for AZ91E Castings (pages 671–677)

      S. Bergeron, M. Lepage, J. Renaud, D. Dubé and V. Lambert

    4. Stress Relaxations in a Magnesium Alloy and Composite (pages 678–683)

      Zuzanka Trojanová, Pavel Lukáč, Werner Riehemann and Frank von Buch

  11. Creep Behaviour

    1. Tensile and Compressive Creep Behavior of Magnesium Die Casting Alloys Containing Aluminum (pages 685–692)

      S. R. Agnew, S. Viswanathan, E. A. Payzant, Q. Han, K. C. Liu and E. A. Kenik

    2. Creep of Mg-Zn-Al-Alloys (pages 693–698)

      M. Vogel, O. Kraft, E. Arzt, E. D. Reese and R. Rauh

    3. Creep Behavior and Deformation Substructures of Thixomolded Mg-Al-Ca Alloys (pages 699–704)

      Mayumi Suzuki, Jun-ichi Koike, Kouichi Maruyama, Tadayoshi Tsukeda, Ken Saito and Hiroshi Kubo

    4. Creep and Bolt-load Retention of Sand Cast Elektron MEZ (pages 705–710)

      C. J. Bettles and M. S. Dargusch

    5. The Microstructure and Creep of an Extruded Mg-Y-Nd Alloy (pages 711–715)

      Rasul Azari-Khosroshahi

    6. Microstructure and Creep Properties of Die-cast Mg-Al-base Alloys AZ91and AS21 (pages 716–721)

      Ping Zhang, Roberto Agamennone, Wolfgang Blum, Berthold von Grossmann and Hans-Günther Haldenwanger

  12. Recycling, Melting, Environmental

    1. Magnesium Melting/Casting and Remelting in Foundries (pages 723–738)

      Horst W. Dörsam

    2. The Impact of Metal Cleanliness on Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Magnesium Alloy AM50 (pages 739–745)

      Per Bakke, Ketil Pettersen, Sigrid Guldberg and Stian Sannes

    3. Remelting and Cleaning of Magnesium Scrap (pages 746–751)

      Ulrike Galovsky and Maria Kühlein

    4. Utilization of Residues from Fluxless Remelting of Compact Magnesium Scrap (pages 752–760)

      André Ditze and Christiane Scharf

    5. Use of SO2 as Protection Gas in Magnesium Diecasting (pages 761–766)

      Walter Schubert and Haavard Gjestland

    6. Impurities in Magnesium and Magnesium Based Alloys and their Removal (pages 767–779)

      Harsharn Singh Tathgar, Per Bakke and Thorvald Abel Engh

  13. Simulation

    1. An Approach to Determine Solidification Curves of Commercial Magnesium Alloys (pages 781–788)

      Djordje Mirković, Joachim Gröbner and Rainer Schmid-Fetzer

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      Author Index (pages 789–792)

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      Subject Index (pages 793–798)

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