Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals

Author(s): Donald G. Barceloux

Published Online: 2 JAN 2008

Print ISBN: 9780471727613

Online ISBN: 9780470330319

DOI: 10.1002/9780470330319

About this Book

Product Information

About The Product

Interest and information in the field of medical toxicology has grown rapidly, but there has never been a concise, authoritative reference focused on the subjects of natural substances, chemical and physical toxins, drugs of abuse, and pharmaceutical overdoses. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances finally gives you an easily accessible resource for vital toxicological information on foods, plants, and animals in key areas in the natural environment.

Table of contents

    1. You have free access to this content
      Frontmatter (pages i–xxi)

    1. You have free access to this content
      Color Plates (pages c1–c16)

  3. Part 1: Foodborne and Microbial Toxins - I: Chemical Contamination and Additives

    1. Chapter 1

      Food Contamination (pages 1–21)

    2. Chapter 2

      Food Additives and Sensitivities (pages 22–33)

  4. Part 1: Foodborne and Microbial Toxins - II: Staples and Spices

    1. Chapter 3

      Akee Fruit and Jamaican Vomiting Sickness (Blighia sapida Köenig) (pages 34–38)

    2. Chapter 4

      Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Species) (pages 39–43)

    3. Chapter 5

      Cyanogenic Foods (Cassava, Fruit Kernels, and Cycad Seeds) (pages 44–53)

    4. Chapter 6

      Cycad Seeds and Chronic Neurologic Disease (Cycas Species) (pages 54–58)

    5. Chapter 7

      Djenkol Bean [Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C. Nielsen] (pages 59–61)

    6. Chapter 8

      Grass Pea and Neurolathyrism (Lathyrus sativus L.) (pages 62–66)

    7. Chapter 9

      Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) (pages 67–70)

    8. Chapter 10

      Pepper and Capsaicin (Capsicum and Piper Species) (pages 71–76)

    9. Chapter 11

      Potatoes, Tomatoes, and Solanine Toxicity (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum L.) (pages 77–83)

    10. Chapter 12

      Rhubarb and Oxalosis (Rheum Species) (pages 84–88)

  5. Part 1: Foodborne and Microbial Toxins - III: Microbes

    1. Chapter 13

      Bacillus cereus (pages 89–95)

    2. Chapter 14

      Campylobacter jejuni (pages 96–102)

    3. Chapter 15

      Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) (pages 103–113)

    4. Chapter 16

      Clostridium perfringens (pages 114–119)

    5. Chapter 17

      Escherichia coli (pages 120–132)

    6. Chapter 18

      Listeria monocytogenes (pages 133–140)

    7. Chapter 19

      Salmonella (pages 141–149)

    8. Chapter 20

      Shigella Species (Shiga Enterotoxins) (pages 150–155)

    9. Chapter 21

      Staphylococcus aureus (pages 156–161)

    10. Chapter 22

      Streptococcus Species (pages 162–166)

    11. Chapter 23

      Vibrio Species (pages 167–173)

    12. Chapter 24

      Yersinia enterocolitica (pages 174–180)

    13. Chapter 25

      Cyanobacteria (pages 181–190)

    14. Chapter 26

      Protozoa and Intestinal Parasites (pages 191–201)

    15. Chapter 27

      Gastrointestinal Viruses (pages 202–211)

  6. Part 1: Foodborne and Microbial Toxins - IV: Seafood

    1. Chapter 28

      Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning and Domoic Acid (pages 212–217)

    2. Chapter 29

      Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning and Azaspiracid Toxins (pages 218–221)

    3. Chapter 30

      Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning and Okadaic Acid (pages 222–226)

    4. Chapter 31

      Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning and Brevetoxins (pages 227–230)

    5. Chapter 32

      Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning and Saxitoxins (pages 231–237)

    6. Chapter 33

      Ciguatera Fish Poisoning and Ciguatoxins (pages 238–246)

    7. Chapter 34

      Puffer Fish Poisoning and Tetrodotoxin (pages 247–252)

    8. Chapter 35

      Red Whelk and Tetramine (pages 253–255)

    9. Chapter 36

      Scombroid Fish, Scombrotoxin, and Histamine (pages 256–260)

  7. Part 2: Fungal Toxins - I: Mushrooms

    1. Chapter 37

      Amatoxin-Containing Mushrooms (pages 261–284)

    2. Chapter 38

      False Morel and Gyromitrin Poisoning (pages 285–289)

    3. Chapter 39

      Gastroenteritis-Producing Mushrooms (pages 290–293)

    4. Chapter 40

      Inky Cap and Coprine Toxicity [Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.) Fr.] (pages 294–297)

    5. Chapter 41

      Isoxazole-Containing Mushrooms and Pantherina Syndrome (Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina) (pages 298–302)

    6. Chapter 42

      Muscarine-Containing Mushrooms and Muscarine Toxicity (Clitocybe and Inocybe Species) (pages 303–306)

    7. Chapter 43

      Orellanine-Containing Mushrooms and Nephrotoxicity (Cortinarius Species) (pages 307–311)

    8. Chapter 44

      Paxillus and Other Mushroom Syndromes (pages 312–316)

  8. Part 2: Fungal Toxins - II: Mycotoxins

    1. Chapter 45

      Mycotoxins (pages 317–371)

  9. Part 3: Medicinal Herbs and Essential Oils - I: Medicinal Herbs

    1. Chapter 46

      Aloe Vera [Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.] (pages 373–381)

    2. Chapter 47

      Aristolochic Acid and Chinese Herb Nephropathy (pages 382–387)

    3. Chapter 48

      Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.) (pages 388–393)

    4. Chapter 49

      Blue Cohosh [Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx.] (pages 394–396)

    5. Chapter 50

      Borage (Borago officinalis L.) (pages 397–399)

    6. Chapter 51

      Burdock Root (Arctium lappa L.) (pages 400–402)

    7. Chapter 53

      Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora T. Nees & Eberm.) (pages 407–413)

    8. Chapter 54

      Cascara (Frangula purshiana Cooper) (pages 414–420)

    9. Chapter 55

      Cat's Claw [Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC.] (pages 421–424)

    10. Chapter 56

      Chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Chamaemelum nobile L.] (pages 425–428)

    11. Chapter 57

      Chaparral [Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Vail] (pages 429–433)

    12. Chapter 58

      Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-Castus L.) (pages 434–436)

    13. Chapter 59

      Clove and Eugenol [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry] (pages 437–442)

    14. Chapter 60

      Colocynth [Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.] (pages 443–445)

    15. Chapter 61

      Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) (pages 446–448)

    16. Chapter 62

      Comfrey and Other Pyrrolizidine-Containing Plants (pages 449–457)

    17. Chapter 63

      Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) (pages 458–460)

    18. Chapter 64

      Dong Quai [Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels] (pages 461–464)

    19. Chapter 65

      Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium Schultz Bip.) (pages 465–469)

    20. Chapter 66

      Garlic (Allium sativum L.) (pages 470–476)

    21. Chapter 67

      Germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) (pages 477–481)

    22. Chapter 68

      Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (pages 482–487)

    23. Chapter 69

      Ginkgo Tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) (pages 488–496)

    24. Chapter 70

      Ginseng (pages 497–503)

    25. Chapter 71

      Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) (pages 504–509)

    26. Chapter 72

      Hawthorn (Crataegus Species) (pages 510–513)

    27. Chapter 73

      Impila, Pine Thistle, and Atractyloside (pages 514–517)

    28. Chapter 74

      Jin Bu Huan and Tetrahydropalmatine (pages 518–521)

    29. Chapter 75

      Juniper (Juniper communis L.) (pages 522–524)

    30. Chapter 76

      Kava (Piper methysticum Forster) (pages 525–531)

    31. Chapter 77

      Lavender (Lavandula Species) (pages 532–536)

    32. Chapter 78

      Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Species) (pages 537–544)

    33. Chapter 79

      Ma Huang (Ephedra Alkaloids) (pages 545–552)

    34. Chapter 80

      Milk Thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner] (pages 553–557)

    35. Chapter 81

      Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata L.) (pages 558–562)

    36. Chapter 82

      Pennyroyal and Pulegone (Mentha pulegium L.) (pages 563–567)

    37. Chapter 83

      Purple Coneflower and Other Echinacea Species (pages 568–573)

    38. Chapter 84

      Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (pages 574–578)

    39. Chapter 85

      Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) (pages 579–581)

    40. Chapter 86

      Sassafras [Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees] (pages 582–585)

    41. Chapter 87

      Saw Palmetto [Serenoa repens (Bartram) J.K. Small] (pages 586–590)

    42. Chapter 88

      Senna (Senna alexandrina P. Mill.) (pages 591–595)

    43. Chapter 89

      Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.) (pages 596–599)

    44. Chapter 90

      St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) (pages 600–606)

    45. Chapter 91

      Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. F. and Illicium anisatum L.) (pages 607–610)

    46. Chapter 92

      Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) (pages 611–613)

    47. Chapter 93

      Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) (pages 614–616)

    48. Chapter 94

      Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) (pages 617–622)

    49. Chapter 95

      Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) (pages 623–626)

    50. Chapter 96

      Yohimbe Bark and Yohimbine (Pausinystalia yohimbe Pierre ex Beille) (pages 627–631)

  10. Part 3: Medicinal Herbs and Essential Oils - I: Mushrooms

    1. Chapter 52

      Calamus (Acorus calamus L.) (pages 403–406)

  11. Part 3: Medicinal Herbs and Essential Oils - II: Essential Oils

    1. Chapter 97

      Citronella Oil [Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle] (pages 632–634)

    2. Chapter 98

      Citrus Oil and Limonene (pages 635–643)

    3. Chapter 99

      Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus Species) (pages 644–647)

    4. Chapter 100

      Neem Oil (Margosa Oil) (Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.) (pages 648–652)

    5. Chapter 101

      Peppermint Oil (Mentha x piperita L.) (pages 653–657)

    6. Chapter 102

      Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Species) (pages 658–662)

    7. Chapter 103

      Tung Oil (Aleurites fordii Hemsl.) (pages 663–665)

    8. Chapter 104

      Turpentine and Pine Oil (Pinus Species) (pages 666–672)

  12. Part 4: Toxic Plants - I: Plant Dermatitis

    1. Chapter 105

      Plant Dermatitis (pages 673–689)

  13. Part 4: Toxic Plants - II: Bulbs, Rhizomes, and Tubers

    1. Chapter 106

      Buttercup Family (pages 690–692)

    2. Chapter 107

      Colchicine-Containing Plants (pages 693–702)

    3. Chapter 108

      Daffodils and Other Emetic Bulbs (pages 703–706)

    4. Chapter 109

      Death Camas (pages 707–709)

    5. Chapter 110

      Kaffir Lily [Clivia miniata (Lindley) Bosse] (pages 710–711)

    6. Chapter 111

      Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis L.) (pages 712–715)

    7. Chapter 112

      Zephyr Lily (Zephyranthes Species) (pages 716–717)

  14. Part 4: Toxic Plants - III: Beans

    1. Chapter 113

      Castor Bean and Ricin (Ricinus communis L.) (pages 718–726)

    2. Chapter 114

      Cowitch and Horse Eye Bean (Mucuna Species) (pages 727–728)

    3. Chapter 115

      Jequirity Bean and Abrin (Abrus precatorius L.) (pages 729–732)

    4. Chapter 116

      Mescal Bean [Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lagasca ex DC.] (pages 733–735)

  15. Part 4: Toxic Plants - IV: Nonwoody Plants (Herbs)

    1. Chapter 117

      Aconite Poisoning and Monkshood (pages 736–742)

    2. Chapter 118

      African Blue Lily (Agapanthus Species) (pages 743–744)

    3. Chapter 119

      Red Baneberry [Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd.] (pages 745–746)

    4. Chapter 120

      Begonias (pages 747–748)

    5. Chapter 121

      Yellow Bird-of-Paradise [Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook.) Wallich ex D. Dietr.] (pages 749–750)

    6. Chapter 122

      Century Plant (Agave americana L.) (pages 751–753)

    7. Chapter 123

      Cleistanthin, Diterpene Esters, and the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) (pages 754–759)

    8. Chapter 124

      Cyanogenic Plants and Laetrile® (pages 760–767)

    9. Chapter 125

      Dieffenbachia and Other Oxalate-Containing House Plants (pages 768–772)

    10. Chapter 126

      Digitalis-Containing Flowers (Foxglove, Lily of the Valley) (pages 773–775)

    11. Chapter 127

      Jimson Weed and Other Belladonna Alkaloids (pages 776–783)

    12. Chapter 128

      Lupines and False Lupine (pages 784–787)

    13. Chapter 129

      Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) (pages 788–791)

    14. Chapter 130

      Mistletoe (pages 792–795)

    15. Chapter 131

      Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) (pages 796–799)

    16. Chapter 132

      Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) (pages 800–802)

    17. Chapter 133

      European Bittersweet and Other Solanum Species (pages 803–805)

    18. Chapter 134

      Sweet Pea and Osteolathyrism (pages 806–808)

    19. Chapter 135

      Tree Tobacco and Other Piperidine-Containing Plants (pages 809–814)

    20. Chapter 136

      Veratrum Alkaloids (pages 815–818)

    21. Chapter 137

      Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vellozo) (pages 819–820)

    22. Chapter 138

      Water Hemlock and Water Dropwort (pages 821–825)

    23. Chapter 139

      White Snakeroot [Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H.E. Robins] (pages 826–828)

  16. Part 4: Toxic Plants - V: Shrubs and Vines

    1. Chapter 140

      Barbados Nut (Jatropha curcas L.) (pages 829–831)

    2. Chapter 141

      Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L.) (pages 832–833)

    3. Chapter 142

      Buckthorn [Karwinskia humboldtiana (J.A. Schultes) Zucc.] (pages 834–836)

    4. Chapter 143

      Cactus (pages 837–840)

    5. Chapter 144

      Carolina Jessamine [Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil.] (pages 841–842)

    6. Chapter 145

      Daphne (Daphne mezereum L.) (pages 843–844)

    7. Chapter 146

      Dog Laurel (Leucothoe Species) (pages 845–846)

    8. Chapter 147

      Dogbane Family and Cardenolides (pages 847–860)

    9. Chapter 148

      Holly (Ilex Species) (pages 861–862)

    10. Chapter 149

      Honeysuckle (Lonicera Species) (pages 863–864)

    11. Chapter 150

      Ivy and Falcarinol (pages 865–866)

    12. Chapter 151

      Lantana (Lantana camara L.) (pages 867–869)

    13. Chapter 152

      Rhododendrons and Grayanotoxins (pages 870–873)

    14. Chapter 153

      Snowberry [Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake)] (pages 874–875)

    15. Chapter 154

      Squirting Cucumber [Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard] (pages 876–878)

    16. Chapter 155

      Wisteria (pages 879–880)

  17. Part 4: Toxic Plants - VI: Trees

    1. Chapter 156

      Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) (pages 881–882)

    2. Chapter 157

      Buckeye (Aesculus Species) (pages 883–885)

    3. Chapter 158

      Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) (pages 886–888)

    4. Chapter 159

      Golden Chain Tree (Laburnum anagyroides Medikus) (pages 889–891)

    5. Chapter 160

      Karaka Nut (Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. & G. Forst.) (pages 892–893)

    6. Chapter 161

      Oaks (Quercus Species) (pages 894–896)

    7. Chapter 162

      Pepper Tree (Schinus Species) (pages 897–898)

    8. Chapter 163

      Yew (Taxus Species) (pages 899–903)

  18. Part 5: Venomous Animals - I: Arthropods

    1. Chapter 164

      Mites and Ticks (Order: Acari) (pages 905–913)

    2. Chapter 165

      Scorpions (Order: Scorpiones) (pages 914–924)

    3. Chapter 166

      Spiders (Order: Araneae) (pages 925–949)

    4. Chapter 167

      Centipedes (Subclass: Chilopoda) (pages 950–953)

    5. Chapter 168

      Bees, Wasps, and Ants (Order: Hymenoptera) (pages 954–968)

    6. Chapter 169

      Bugs and Blister Beetles (pages 969–975)

    7. Chapter 170

      Fleas (Order: Siphonaptera) (pages 976–978)

    8. Chapter 171

      Flies and Mosquitoes (Order: Diptera) (pages 979–982)

    9. Chapter 172

      Lice (Order: Phthiraptera) (pages 983–987)

    10. Chapter 173

      Moths and Butterflies (Order: Lepidoptera) (pages 988–995)

  19. Part 5: Venomous Animals - II: Reptiles

    1. Chapter 174

      Amphibians—Toads, Frogs, Salamanders, and Newts (Class: Amphibia) (pages 996–1007)

    2. Chapter 175

      Gila Monster and Beaded Lizard (pages 1008–1012)

    3. Chapter 176

      Terrestrial Snakes (Suborder: Serpentes) (pages 1013–1073)

    4. Chapter 177

      Sea Snakes (pages 1074–1077)

  20. Part 5: Venomous Animals - III: Marine Invertebrates

    1. Chapter 178

      Cone Shells and Blue-Ringed Octopus (Phylum: Mollusca) (pages 1078–1084)

    2. Chapter 179

      Jellyfish, Hydroids, Sea Anemones, and Corals (Phylum: Cnidaria) (pages 1085–1101)

    3. Chapter 180

      Sponges (Phylum: Porifera) (pages 1102–1104)

    4. Chapter 181

      Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, and Fireworms (Phylum: Echinodermata) (pages 1105–1111)

  21. Part 5: Venomous Animals - IV: Eels and Lampreys

    1. Chapter 182

      Moray Eel (Superclass: Agnatha) (pages 1112–1114)

  22. Part 5: Venomous Animals - V: Fish

    1. Chapter 183

      Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) (pages 1115–1127)

    2. Chapter 184

      Cartilaginous Fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) (pages 1128–1131)

  23. Part 5: Venomous Animals - VI: Mammals

    1. Chapter 185

      Mammals (pages 1132–1134)

    1. You have free access to this content
      Index (pages 1135–1157)

SEARCH