Pulmonary Embolism, Second Edition

Copyright © 2007 Paul D. Stein

Pulmonary Embolism, Second Edition

Author(s): Paul D. Stein

Published Online: 15 APR 2008

Print ISBN: 9781405138079

Online ISBN: 9780470692042

DOI: 10.1002/9780470692042

About this Book

Product Information

About The Product

"…the best book I've seen on this topic"
-- William C. Roberts, MD, Editor in Chief of the American Journal of Cardiology, in a review of the first edition


This second edition supplies the latest information on epidemiology, methods of diagnosis, preferred diagnostic pathways, new medications, and new recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism and its immediate cause, deep vein thrombosis.


Pulmonary Embolism, Second Edition, incorporates important data from the recent Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis II (PIOPED II), including:


  • new clinical observations
  • accuracy of multidetector computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism
  • recommendations for the use of various imaging tests according to the characteristics of the patient

Every chapter of the book has been revised and updated, and 56 new chapters appear in this edition. Through the writing ability of its single author, the text remains as easy to read as it is to consult.


This book is a timely reference and a dependable resource for in-depth information about pulmonary embolism.

Table of contents

    1. You have free access to this content
      Frontmatter (pages i–ix)

  2. Part I: Prevalence, Risks, and Prognosis of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis

    1. Chapter 1

      Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis at Autopsy (pages 1–15)

    2. Chapter 2

      Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients (pages 16–18)

    3. Chapter 3

      Case Fatality Rate and Population Mortality Rate from Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 19–23)

    4. Chapter 4

      Prognosis in Acute Pulmonary Embolism Based on Right Ventricular Enlargement, Prognostic Models, and Biochemical Markers (pages 24–30)

    5. Chapter 5

      Changing Risks of Untreated Deep Venous Thrombosis and Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 31–34)

    6. Chapter 6

      Resolution of Pulmonary Embolism (pages 35–36)

    7. Chapter 7

      Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 37–40)

    8. Chapter 8

      Thromboembolic Disease Involving the Superior Vena Cava and Brachiocephalic Veins (pages 41–43)

    9. Chapter 9

      Venous Thromboembolic Disease in the Four Seasons (pages 44–46)

    10. Chapter 10

      Regional Differences in the United States of Rates of Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis and Mortality from Pulmonary Embolism (pages 47–51)

    11. Chapter 11

      Venous Thromboembolism in the Elderly (pages 52–65)

    12. Chapter 12

      Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Infants and Children (pages 66–67)

    13. Chapter 13

      Venous Thromboembolism in Men and Women (pages 68–71)

    14. Chapter 14

      Comparison of the Diagnostic Process in Black and White Patients (pages 72–75)

    15. Chapter 15

      Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Asians/Pacific Islanders (pages 76–82)

    16. Chapter 16

      Pulmonary Thromboembolism in American Indians and Alaskan Natives (pages 83–84)

    17. Chapter 17

      Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer (pages 85–92)

    18. Chapter 18

      Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Heart Disease (pages 93–97)

    19. Chapter 19

      Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke (pages 98–100)

    20. Chapter 20

      Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pages 101–106)

    21. Chapter 21

      Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Asthma (pages 107–108)

    22. Chapter 22

      Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Hospitalized Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (pages 109–112)

    23. Chapter 23

      Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy (pages 113–118)

    24. Chapter 24

      Air Travel as a Risk for Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venousthrombosis (pages 119–121)

    25. Chapter 25

      Estrogen-Containing Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism (pages 122–124)

    26. Chapter 26

      Obesity as a Risk Factor in Venous Thromboembolism (pages 125–127)

    27. Chapter 27

      Hypercoagulable Syndrome (pages 128–135)

  3. Part II: Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis

    1. Chapter 28

      Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities: Clinical Evaluation (pages 137–143)

    2. Chapter 29

      Clinical Model for Assessment of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 144–146)

    3. Chapter 30

      Clinical Probability Score Plus Single Negative Ultrasound for Exclusion of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 147–148)

    4. Chapter 31

      D-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 149–157)

    5. Chapter 32

      D-Dimer Combined with Clinical Probability Assessment for Exclusion of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 158–159)

    6. Chapter 33

      D-Dimer and Single Negative Compression Ultrasound for Exclusion of Deep Venous Thrombosis (page 160)

    7. Chapter 34

      Contrast Venography (pages 161–163)

    8. Chapter 35

      Compression Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 164–167)

    9. Chapter 36

      Impedance Plethysmography and Fibrinogen Uptake Tests for Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 168–170)

    10. Chapter 37

      Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 171–174)

    11. Chapter 38

      Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 175–178)

    12. Chapter 39

      P-Selectin and Microparticles to Predict Deep Venous Thrombosis (page 179)

  4. Part III: Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

    1. Chapter 40

      Clinical Characteristics of Patients with No Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease (pages 181–189)

    2. Chapter 41

      Relation of Right-Sided Pressures to Clinical Characteristics of Patients with No Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease (pages 190–191)

    3. Chapter 42

      The History and Physical Examination in All Patients Irrespective of Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease (pages 192–196)

    4. Chapter 43

      Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism Stratified According to Their Presenting Syndromes (pages 197–202)

    5. Chapter 44

      Clinical Assessment in the Critically Ill (pages 203–205)

    6. Chapter 45

      The Electrocardiogram (pages 206–215)

    7. Chapter 46

      The Plain Chest Radiograph (pages 216–220)

    8. Chapter 47

      Arterial Blood Gases and the Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Difference in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 221–228)

    9. Chapter 48

      Fever in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 229–231)

    10. Chapter 49

      Leukocytosis in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 232–233)

    11. Chapter 50

      Alveolar Dead-Space in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism (pages 234–235)

    12. Chapter 51

      Neural Network Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (pages 236–238)

    13. Chapter 52

      Empirical Assessment and Clinical Models for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 239–242)

    14. Chapter 53

      D-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 243–249)

    15. Chapter 54

      D-Dimer Combined with Clinical Probability for Exclusion of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 250–252)

    16. Chapter 55

      D-Dimer in Combination with Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Exclusion of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (page 253)

    17. Chapter 56

      Low Tissue Plasminogen Activator Plasma Levels and Low Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels as an Aid in Exclusion of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (page 254)

    18. Chapter 57

      Echocardiogram in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 255–259)

    19. Chapter 58

      Trends in the Use of Diagnostic Imaging in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 260–261)

    20. Chapter 59

      Techniques of Perfusion and Ventilation Imaging (pages 262–266)

    21. Chapter 60

      Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scan Criteria for Interpretation Prior to the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) (pages 267–270)

    22. Chapter 61

      Observations from PIOPED: Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans Alone and in Combination with Clinical Assessment (pages 271–277)

    23. Chapter 62

      Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans in Patients with a Normal Chest Radiograph, Patients with no Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease, Patients with Any Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease, and Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pages 278–279)

    24. Chapter 63

      Perfusion Lung Scans Alone in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 280–281)

    25. Chapter 64

      Probability Interpretation of Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans in Relation to Largest Pulmonary Arterial Branches in Which Pulmonary Embolism is Observed (pages 282–283)

    26. Chapter 65

      Revised Criteria for Evaluation of Lung Scans Recommended by Nuclear Physicians in PIOPED (pages 284–287)

    27. Chapter 66

      Criteria for Very Low Probability Interpretation of Ventilation Perfusion Lung Scans (pages 288–293)

    28. Chapter 67

      Probability Assessment Based on the Number of Mismatched Segmental Equivalent Perfusion Defects or Number of Mismatched Vascular Defects (pages 294–297)

    29. Chapter 68

      Probability Assessment Based on the Number of Mismatched Vascular Defects and Stratification According to Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease (pages 298–303)

    30. Chapter 69

      The Addition of Clinical Assessment to Stratification According to Prior Cardiopulmonary Disease Further Optimizes the Interpretation of Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans (pages 304–309)

    31. Chapter 70

      Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Perfusion Lung Scan (page 310)

    32. Chapter 71

      Standard and Augmented Techniques in Pulmonary Angiography (pages 311–317)

    33. Chapter 72

      Prevalence of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Central and Subsegmental Pulmonary Arteries (page 318)

    34. Chapter 73

      Quantification of Pulmonary Emboli by Conventional and CT Angiography (pages 319–320)

    35. Chapter 74

      Complications of Pulmonary Angiography (pages 321–324)

    36. Chapter 75

      Contrast-Enhanced Spiral CT for the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Before the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (pages 325–339)

    37. Chapter 76

      Methods of PIOPED II (pages 340–347)

    38. Chapter 77

      Multidetector Spiral CT of the Chest for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Results of the PIOPED II Trial (pages 348–354)

    39. Chapter 78

      Outcome Studies of Pulmonary Embolism Versus Accuracy (pages 355–356)

    40. Chapter 79

      Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (pages 357–358)

    41. Chapter 80

      Radiation Exposure and Risk (pages 359–363)

    42. Chapter 81

      Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 364–370)

    43. Chapter 82

      Serial Noninvasive Leg Tests in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism (pages 371–372)

    44. Chapter 83

      Predictive Value of Diagnostic Approaches to Venous Thromboembolism (pages 373–375)

    45. Chapter 84

      Diagnostic Approaches to Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 376–386)

  5. Part IV: Prevention and Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

    1. Chapter 85

      New and Old Anticoagulants (pages 387–404)

    2. Chapter 86

      Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (pages 405–413)

    3. Chapter 87

      Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis and Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 414–421)

    4. Chapter 88

      Withholding Treatment of Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism Who Have a High Risk of Bleeding Provided and Negative Serial Noninvasive Leg Tests (pages 422–424)

    5. Chapter 89

      Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Pulmonary Embolism (pages 425–436)

    6. Chapter 90

      Thrombolytic Therapy for Deep Venous Thrombosis (pages 437–443)

    7. Chapter 91

      Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Trends in Use, Complications, Indications, and Use of Retrievable Filters (pages 444–453)

    8. Chapter 92

      Catheter-Tip Embolectomy in the Management of Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism (pages 454–458)

    9. Chapter 93

      Pulmonary Embolectomy (pages 459–463)

    10. Chapter 94

      Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy (pages 464–466)

    1. You have free access to this content
      Index (pages 467–476)

SEARCH