Current Protocols in Microbiology

Editors & Contributors

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EDITORIAL BOARD

Leah E. Cowen
University of Toronto
Ontario, Canada

Michael Grigg
Bethesda, Maryland

Alison McBride
Bethesda, Maryland

Shelley M. Payne
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Brian Stevenson
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

ADVISORY EDITOR

John M. Quarles
Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine
College Station, Texas

GUEST EDITOR

Anne E. Simon
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

PAST EDITORS

Richard Coico
SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York

Timothy Kowalik
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Ronald K. Taylor
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University
Hanover, New Hampshire

CONTRIBUTORS

Ruben Abagyan
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Sudhakar Agnihothram
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Seemin S. Ahmed
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Masssachusetts

Ali R. Akin
Caliper Life Sciences
Alameda, California

Nicole C. Ammerman
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Raul Andino
University of California
San Francisco, California

Elizabeth S. Andrews
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Padmanaban Annamalai
University of California, Riverside
Riverside, California

Francis F. Arhin
The Medicines Company
Quebec, Canada

Michelle Arnold
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Abdu F. Azad
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Melissa K. Bacic
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

Bharat Bajaj
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Rachel Balder
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia

Amanda L. Balish
Influenza Division
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Julia Elisabeth Bandow
Ruhr University Bochum
Bochum, Germany

Ralph Baric
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Dale L. Barnard
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

James M. Battisti
The University of Montana
Missoula, Montana

David Baulcombe
The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre
Colney, United Kingdom

Kenneth W. Bayles
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska

Scott W. Bearden
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Fort Collins, Colorado

Randy Beckett
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Magda Beier-Sexton
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Myriam Bélanger
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Adam Belley
The Medicines Company
Quebec, Canada

Alicia Berard
University of Manitoba
and Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Karolin Biermann
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

John A. Blaho
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, New York

Thomas G. Blanchard
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland

Rubén Bonilla-Santiago
School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine
University College Dublin
Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

James L. Bono
USDA, ARS
U.S. Meat Animal Research Center
Clay Center, Nebraska

Mark Borodovsky
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Mary A. Bosserman
College of Pharmacy
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Elsa N. Bou Ghanem
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Laurent Bouillaut
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Donald P. Breakwell
Brigham Young University
Provo, Utah

James D. Brien
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Catherine A. Brissette
College of Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

William J. Britt
University of Alabama School of Medicine
Birmingham, Alabama

Dennis T. Brown
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Patricia Brown
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland

Karen S. Browning
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Robert C. Burghardt
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas

LouAnn C. Burnett
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee

Carey-Ann D. Burnham
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Cecily P. Burrill
University of California, San Francisco, California

Robin R. Craven
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Tomasz Bykowski
Center for Medical Education
Warsaw, Poland

Didier Cabanes
Universidade do Porto
Porto, Portugal

Melissa J. Caimano
University of Connecticut Health Center
Farmington, Connecticut

Kenneth D. Cain
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho

Andrew Camilli
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Lee Ann Campbell
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Kenneth G. Campellone
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Julie C. Canman
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Jeffrey Caplan
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

J. Gregory Caporaso
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona

Jason A. Carlyon
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

James A. Carroll
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Mihee Chang
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
College Station, Texas

Sean Chapman
Plant Pathology Programme
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom

Louise Chappell
The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre
Colney, United Kingdom

Arlene Chen
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland

Chuanmin Cheng
College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas

Xiao-Wen Cheng
Miami University
Oxford, Ohio

Ambrose L. Cheung
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Bo Chi
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Bethesda, Maryland

Jeffrey D. Cirillo
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
College Station, Texas

Suat L. G. Cirillo
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
College Station, Texas

Paul R. Clapham
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Virginia L. Clark
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Richard Coico
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Dena L. Cologgi
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Candimar Colón
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Rita R. Colwell
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland
and Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Kevin M. Coombs
University of Manitoba
and Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Mélanie A. M. Cortes
University of Paris Descartes
Faculté de Médecine
and INSERM
Unité de Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques
Paris, France

Christine L. Cosma
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Pascale Cossart
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France

Veronica Costantini
Centers for Disease Control
Atlanta, Georgia

Peggy A. Cotter
University of California Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California

Timothy R. Crother
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
University of California
Los Angeles, California

Scott R. Curry
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

J. Muse Davis
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia

Lindsay Davis
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Kari Debbink
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

William E. Delaney, IV
Gilead Sciences
Foster City, California

Edward DeMoll
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Andreas B. den Hartigh
University of California at Davis
Davis, California

Michael S. Diamond
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Joseph P. Dillard
University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School
Madison, Wisconsin

Sean S. Dineen
Tufts University
Boston, Massachusetts

S.P. Dinesh-Kumar
Yale University
New Haven, Connecticut

Biao Ding
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Victor DiRita
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Stephen L. Dobson
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Valerian V. Dolja
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

John Donovan
Bioresources Consulting
Weston, Vermont

Sarah E.F. D’Orazio
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

David W. Dorward
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Hamilton, Montana

Theo W. Dreher
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Robert Droleskey
USDA/ARS/SPARC/FFSRU
College Station, Texas

W. Michael Dunne, Jr.
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Bridget Eklund
North Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota

Miguel Esteves-Sena
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Marc R. Fabian
York University
Toronto, Canada

J. Christopher Fenno
University of Michigan School of Dentistry
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Thomas A. Ficht
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas

Elizabeth R. Fischer
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Hamilton, Montana

Nathan Fisher
North Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota

Terence R. Flotte
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Kevin P. Francis
Caliper Life Sciences
Alameda, California

Clay Fuqua
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Victor Gaba
The Volcani Center
Bet Dagan, Israel

Thomas F. Gajewski
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Amit Gal-On
The Volcani Center
Bet Dagan, Israel

Roman R. Ganta
College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas

Guangping Gao
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts
and Sichuan University
Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

Lian-Yong Gao
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Adolfo García-Sastre
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, New York

Kanika Gera
Maryland Pathogen Research Institute
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Jonathan Godwin
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Masssachusetts

Antonio González
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado

Marga G.A. Goris
Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)
KIT Biomedical Research
WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Véronique Gosselé
Bayer BioScience N.V.
Gent, Belgium

Stewart M. Gray
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

Maurice Green
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Christopher Grim
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland

Alisha M. Gruntman
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

David A. Haake
Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare
Los Angeles, California

Bradd J. Haley
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland

Yiping W. Han
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Bryan T. Hansen
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Hamilton, Montana

Helena Harlin
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Rudy A. Hartskeerl
Royal Tropical Institute (KIT)
KIT Biomedical Research
WHO/FAO/OIE and National Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

John S. Hartung
USDA-ARS
Beltsville, Maryland

Nur A. Hasan
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland

Emiko Hayama
Tokyo Women’s Medical University
Tokyo, Japan

Shelley E. Haydel
School of Life Sciences
and The Biodesign Institute Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Laura R. Hendrix
Texas A&M Health Science Center
College Station, Texas

Raquel Hernandez
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Forrest H. Hoyt
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Hamilton, Montana

Tsugunda Hsu
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

I-Jen Huang
Taiwan Sugar Research Institute
Taiwan, China

Robin R. Hulbert
California Polytechnic State University
San Luis Obispo, California

Roger Hull
John Innes Centre
Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom

Anwar Huq
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland

Linda K. Husmann
The University of Tennessee at Martin
Martin, Tennessee

Jenny A. Hyde
Texas A&M University Health Science Center
College Station, Texas

Akihiko Ikegami
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Asuka Itaya
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Jacquelyn R. Jackson
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

William R. Jacobs, Jr.
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Adam C. Joelsson
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jason W. Johnston
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Grant S. Jones
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Edouard Jurkevitch
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Rehovot, Israel

Brandon L. Jutras
College of Medicine
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Laura Kaatz
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Round Lake, Illinois

Daniel E. Kadouri
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Newark, New Jersey

Jacqueline M. Katz
Influenza Division
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Gili Kaufman
Texas A&M College of Medicine
College Station, Texas

Madan K. Kharel
College of Pharmacy
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Alexander I. Klimov
Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Elizabeth Pettit Kneller
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Rob Knight
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Ying Kong
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
College Station, Texas

Justin Kuczynski
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Cho-Chou Kuo
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Howard K. Kuramitsu
State University of New York at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Annette E. LaBauve
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont

Christophe Lacomme
Plant Pathology Programme
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom and
Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences
The University of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Eric R. Lafontaine
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia

Benjamin R. LaFrentz
University of Idaho
Moscow, Idaho

Elaine W. Lamirande
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Carey Lambert
Institute of Genetics
Queen’s Medical Centre
Nottingham University
Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ke Lan
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Fernanda Langellotto
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts
and Children’s Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston Massachusetts

Michelle H. Larsen
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Gretchen Lawler
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana

Helen M. Lazear
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Michael Lea
Clearinghouse: Low-Cost Water Treatment Technologies for Developing Countries
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Yoann Le Breton
Maryland Pathogen Research Institute
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Marc Lecuit
Institut Pasteur
and Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades
Paris, France

Julian Leibowitz
Texas A&M College of Medicine
College Station, Texas

John M. Leong
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jia Li
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Masssachusetts

Joseph K.-K. Li
Utah State University
Logan, Utah

Ruhui Li
USDA-ARS
Beltsville, Maryland

Na-Sheng Lin
Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology
Taipei, Taiwan

Lisa Lindesmith
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Jian-Zhong Liu
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Ardmore, Oklahoma
and University of California-Berkeley
Albany, California

Pinghua Liu
Texas A&M College of Medicine
College Station, Texas

Zhiwei Liu
Eastern Illinois University
Charleston, Illinois

Paul M. Loewenstein
Saint Louis University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Alex Lomsadze
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia

Hélène Louvel
Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France

Rex Lovrien
University of Minnesota
St. Paul, Minnesota

Shan Lu
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Sheila A. Lukehart
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

George Lunn
Baltimore, Maryland

Shan Ma
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Stuart A. MacFarlane
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee,
United Kingdom

Osama Mahdi
North Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota

Stanley Maloy
San Diego State University
San Diego, California

Balaji Manicassamy
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Joanne M. Manns
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Joanna Manoranjan
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Hélène Marquis
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

Christina M. Marra
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Jane W. Marsh
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Raquel M. Martinez
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Maria Fernanda Martino
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Daiki Matsuda
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Yumiko Matsuoka
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Daumantas Matulis
Institute of Biotechnology
Vilnius, Lithuania

Laura Mayberry
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Texas

Shonna M. McBride
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

John C. McCormack
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Sarah M. McDonald
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Grant McFadden
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Lori W. McGinnes
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Kevin S. McIver
Maryland Pathogen Research Institute
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Geoffrey A. McKay
The Medicines Company
Quebec, Canada

Robert J.C. McLean
Texas State University-San Marcos
San Marcos, Texas

Freddy Medina
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Juan Francisco Medina
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Halima Medjahed
University of Paris Descartes
Faculté de Médecine
and INSERM
Unité de Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques
Paris, France

Christina J. Megli
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Gerald A. Meininger
Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
University of Missouri
Columbia, Missouri

Jill Meisenhelder
The Salk Institute
La Jolla, California

Judith H. Merritt
Glycobia
Ithaca, New York

Michael Metzlaff
Bayer BioScience N.V.
Gent, Belgium

Jennifer C. Miller
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

M. Clarke Miller
James Graham Brown Cancer Center
University of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

W. Allen Miller
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Michael F. Minnick
The University of Montana
Missoula, Montana

Dominique M. Missiakas
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Gregory Moeck
The Medicines Company
Quebec, Canada

Attila Molnár
The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre
Colney, United Kingdom

Elizabeth R. Moore
Sanford School of Medicine
University of South Dakota
Vermillion, South Dakota

Trudy G. Morrison
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Elise R. Morton
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana

Rita B. Moyes
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas

Christian Mueller
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordán
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Masanao Murakami
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Kenan C. Murphy
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Tanya Myers-Morales
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Peter D. Nagy
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

G. Balakrish Nair
The International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research
Dhaka, Bangladesh

Vinod Nair
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Hamilton, Montana

Jarlath E. Nally
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine
University College Dublin
Dublin, Ireland

John G. Nedrud
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio

Melody N. Neely
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

Roy Neilson
Scottish Crop Research Institute
Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom

Richard S. Nelson
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Ardmore, Oklahoma

Rachid Nessar
University of Paris Descartes
Faculté de Médecine
and INSERM
Unité de Pathogénie des Infections Systémiques
Paris, France

George Nicola
The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, California

Stephen E. Nybo
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Ian Orme
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado

George A. O’Toole
Dartmouth Medical School
Hanover, New Hampshire

Robert A. Owens
USDA/ARS
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
Beltsville, Maryland

Nikos Pagratis
Gilead Sciences
Foster City, California

Paramasivan Vijaya Palani
Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology
Taipei, Taiwan

Youwen Pan
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Round Lake, Illinois

Tadas Panavas
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Homer Pantua
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Anne M. Paredes
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Matthew R. Parsek
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

John T. Patton
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Valera V. Peremyslov
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon

Jasmine T. Perez
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Robert D. Perry
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Paul J. Peters
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Hilary A. Phelps
Assay Designs
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mathieu Picardeau
Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France

Larissa M. Podust
University of California
San Francisco, California

Judit Pogany
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Jonathan Pratten
Eastman Dental Institute
University College London
London, England

Ann Progulske-Fox
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Claudio Punzo
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Wenping Qiu
Department of Agriculture
Missouri State University at Mountain Grove
Mountain Grove, Missouri

Nadja Raatschen
Ruhr University Bochum
Bochum, Germany

Masmudur M. Rahman
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Aurelie M. Rakotondrafara
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa

Lalita Ramakrishnan
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Bronwyn E. Ramey
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa

A.L.N. Rao
University of California, Riverside
Riverside, California

Jianghong Rao
Stanford University
Stanford, California

David A. Rasko
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Dallas, Texas

Dmitry Ratner
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Gemma Reguera
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Julie Reitter
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Nicholas Renzette
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Jackie Reynolds
Richland College
Dallas, Texas

Jean-Marc Reyrat
University of Paris Descartes
and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical
Paris, France

Kathryn H. Richards
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Anthony R. Richardson
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Kristy Richerson
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
Ardmore, Oklahoma
and Andreae Team
Ardmore, Oklahoma

Samantha Roberts
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Erle S. Robertson
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Margaret Robinson
Gilead Sciences
Foster City, California

D’Ann Rochon
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Summerland, British Columbia, Canada

Paulo Rodrigues
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Jürgen Rohr
College of Pharmacy
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Jason P. Roth
Utah State University
Logan, Utah
and Department of Agriculture
Athens, Georgia

Donna L. Runft
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

Edward D. Salmon
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

James E. Samuel
Texas A&M Health Science Center
College Station, Texas

Gilberto A. Santiago
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Pamela J. Savage
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Olaf Schneewind
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Herman B. Scholthof
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas

Michael B. Schulte
University of California
San Francisco, California

Marci A. Scidmore
Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine
Ithaca, New York

June R. Scott
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Mina O. Seedhom
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Kentaro Semba
The University of Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan

Miguel Sena-Esteves
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Masssachusetts

Elena Serviene
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Micah D. Shepherd
College of Pharmacy
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Yanlin Shi
Texas A&M Health Sciences Center
College Station, Texas

Anne E. Simon
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland

Thomas R. Simpson
Texas State University-San Marcos
San Marcos, Texas

Anil Kumar Singh
University of Paris Descartes
and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical
Paris, France

Christine Sinodis
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina

Kamesh R. Sirigireddy
College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas

Jon T. Skare
Texas A&M University Health Science Center
College Station, Texas

Sherin E. Smallwood
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

C. Jeffrey Smith
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

Carolyn L. Smith
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Bethesda, Maryland

Dorothy W. Smith
College of Medicine
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida

Michael L. Smith
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

R. Elizabeth Sockett
Institute of Genetics
Queen’s Medical Centre
Nottingham University
Nottingham, United Kingdom

Mike S. Son
Plymouth State University
Plymouth, New Hampshire

Joseph A. Sorg
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Janice M. Spence
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Allison M. Speers
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Vanessa Sperandio
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Dallas, Texas

Thad B. Stanton
National Animal Disease Center
USDA-ARS
Ames, Iowa

Claus Sternberg
The Technical University of Denmark
Lyngby, Denmark

Brian Stevenson
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

Lorelei Stoica
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Masssachusetts

Jesse Stombaugh
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Vanessa R. Strings
University of California
San Francisco, California

Kanta Subbarao
NIAID/NIH
Bethesda, Maryland

Yao-Hui Sun
University of California at Davis
Davis, California

Laura E. Swaim
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Jesica Swanstrom
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Kristy J. Szretter
Influenza Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta, Georgia

Michiko E. Taga
University of California
Berkeley, California

Steven Tandberg
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Elisa Taviani
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, Maryland

Ronald K. Taylor
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth University
Hanover, New Hampshire

Yang Tian
Gilead Sciences
Foster City, California

Tim Tolker-Nielsen
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen, Denmark

Andreea Trache
College of Medicine
Texas A&M Health Science Center
College Station, Texas

Anh Tran
University of Manitoba
and Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Robin Treuer
School of Life Sciences
Arizona State University
Tempe, Arizona

Tamara L. Troy
Caliper Life Sciences
Alameda, California

Renée M. Tsolis
University of California at Davis
Davis, California

Susan L. Uprichard
Department of Medicine
and Department of Microbiology and Immunology
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Tim van Opijnen
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Aditya Venkatesh
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Edgardo Vergne
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
San Juan, Puerto Rico

Ashutosh Verma
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

Subhash C. Verma
University of Pennsylvania Medical School
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Catherine Vilchéze
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Jan Vinjé
Centers for Disease Control
Atlanta, Georgia

Nicholas P. Vitko
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Hannah Volkman
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington

Jens P. von Kries
Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP)
Berlin, Germany

Kate von Lackum
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

William Anton Walters
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado

Lian-Hui Wang
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
Proteos, Singapore

Shixia Wang
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Matthew J. Wargo
University of Vermont College of Medicine
Burlington, Vermont

Thulasi Warrier
Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology
Berlin, Germany

Eric H. Weening
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
School of Medicine
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Allana K. Welsh
Texas State University-San Marcos
San Marcos, Texas

Raymond M. Welsh
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Steven J. Werden
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas

K. Andrew White
York University
Toronto, Canada

Van G. Wilson
Texas A&M University Health Science Center
Bryan, Texas

Michael E. Woodman
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky

Lori Wright
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

Karina B. Xavier
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia
Oeiras, Portugal

Hexin Xie
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Jian-Li Xue
Miami University
Oxford, Ohio

Hequn Yao
Stanford University
Stanford, California

Jamie C. Yedowitz
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, New York

MinKyung Yi
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Galveston, Texas

Kathryn Young
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Dong Yu
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri

Xuemei Yu
Department of Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Hai-Bao Zhang
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
Proteos, Singapore

Lian-Hui Zhang
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
Proteos, Singapore

Ning Zhang
Caliper Life Sciences
Alameda, California

Li Zhong
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts

Xuehua Zhong
Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio

Jun Zhu
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Wolfram R. Zückert
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas

Richard L. Zuerner
National Animal Disease Center
USDA, ARS, MWA
Ames, Iowa

Christine A. Zurawski
Infectious Disease Solutions
Atlanta, Georgia