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Cancer

Copyright © 2012 American Cancer Society

Cover image for Cancer

15 February 1997

Volume 79, Issue 4

Pages 665–867

  1. Editorials

    1. Top of page
    2. Editorials
    3. Commentaries
    4. Review Articles
    5. Original Articles
    6. Errata
    1. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Pathologic diagnosis as the gold standard (pages 665–667)

      Lucy Balian Rorke

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<665::AID-CNCR1>3.0.CO;2-D

      Issues involving brain tumor diagnosis are discussed in light of the frequently observed discrepancies between the diagnoses of general pathologists and neuropathologists. Accuracy of diagnoses could be improved if definitions or criteria for specific categories of tumors were simplified, clearly established, and consensually accepted.

      See also pages 796-803.

  2. Commentaries

    1. Top of page
    2. Editorials
    3. Commentaries
    4. Review Articles
    5. Original Articles
    6. Errata
    1. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      "One to three" or "four or more"? : Selecting patients for postmastectomy radiation therapy (pages 668–670)

      Lawrence B. Marks and Leonard R. Prosnitz

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<668::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-A

      A review of randomized trials suggesting an improvement in overall patient survival with postmastectomy radiation therapy revealed that most patients in these studies had three or fewer positive axillary lymph nodes. Therefore, it is logical to consider using postmastectomy radiation therapy in all lymph node positive patients, not just those with four or more positive lymph nodes.

  3. Review Articles

    1. Top of page
    2. Editorials
    3. Commentaries
    4. Review Articles
    5. Original Articles
    6. Errata
    1. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Sphincter preservation therapy for distal rectal carcinoma : A review (pages 671–683)

      Andrea K. Ng, Abram Recht and Paul M. Busse

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<671::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-H

      A review of the literature showed that sphincter-preserving management in patients with distal rectal carcinoma using sphincter-saving surgical methods and adjuvant therapy yielded tumor control rates comparable to that achieved with abdominoperineal resection.

  4. Original Articles

    1. Top of page
    2. Editorials
    3. Commentaries
    4. Review Articles
    5. Original Articles
    6. Errata

    1. Anatomic Site

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      Assessment of microsatellite alterations in young patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (pages 684–687)

      Jeremy D. Hayden, Lynn Cawkwell, Henry Sue-Ling, David Johnston, Michael F. Dixon, Philip Quirke and Iain G. Martin

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<684::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-E

      The authors demonstrated no evidence of microsatellite instability in gastric adenocarcinomas from 10 patients younger than 40 years.

    2. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Relationship between the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and serum alanine aminotransferase levels in hepatectomized patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis and HCC (pages 688–694)

      Kazuo Tarao, Shoji Takemiya, Setsuo Tamai, Yukio Sugimasa, Shinichi Ohkawa, Makoto Akaike, Hiroyasu Tanabe, Akio Shimizu, Muneki Yoshida and Akira Kakita

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<688::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-A

      Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy for HCC that occurred in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis was more common in those patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels.

    3. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (pages 695–699)

      Bunzo Nakata, Yong-Suk Chung, Shigehiko Nishimura, Tamahiro Nishihara, Yasuhiro Sakurai, Tetsuji Sawada, Terue Okamura, Joji Kawabe, Hironobu Ochi and Michio Sowa

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<695::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-D

      18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may be useful in determining the prognosis of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

    4. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Molecular pathology of primary and metastatic ductal pancreatic lesions : Analyses of mutations and expression of the p53, mdm-2, and p21/WAF-1 genes in sporadic and familial lesions (pages 700–716)

      Bruce A. Ruggeri, Lingyi Huang, David Berger, Hong Chang, Andres J. P. Klein-Szanto, Tamra Goodrow, Moira Wood, T. Obara, C. W. Heath and H. Lynch

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<700::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-H

      Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are frequent and presumably early events associated with nonprogression in the pathogenesis of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and complex spectra of these mutations have been exhibited. In contrast, genetic and immunochemical abnormalities in the p53-regulated genes mdm-2 and p21/WAF-1 are infrequent events in the development of this cancer.

    5. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Energy balance in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients before and after surgical resection of their tumors (pages 717–723)

      Elisabeth W. H. M. Fredrix, Agnes J. Staal-van den Brekel and Emiel F. M. Wouters

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<717::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-A

      Hypermetabolic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients undergoing curative resection show an improvement in energy balance by both a decreased resting energy expenditure and an increased energy intake. This positive energy balance results in weight gain, which is caused predominantly by an increase in fat mass.

    6. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Phase II study of patients with metastatic nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung treated with paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion (pages 724–729)

      William J. Tester, Pamela Y. Jin, Deborah H. Reardon, Jeffrey B. Cohn and Martin H. Cohen

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<724::AID-CNCR9>3.0.CO;2-D

      Twenty outpatients with Stage IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma were treated with paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) intravenously over 3 hours. The response rate was 32%, and the 1-year survival rate was 22%.

    7. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      A Phase III trial comparing anastrozole (1 and 10 milligrams), a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma (pages 730–739)

      Aman U. Buzdar, Stephen E. Jones, Charles L. Vogel, Janet Wolter, Paul Plourde and Alan Webster, for the Arimidex Study Group

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<730::AID-CNCR10>3.0.CO;2-0

      The new aromatase inhibitor anastrozole, given in doses of 1 and 10 mg once daily, is well tolerated and represents an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women who progress after tamoxifen treatment.

    8. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil, and high dose leucovorin (NFL) versus intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in first-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast carcinoma : A randomized Phase II trial (pages 740–748)

      John D. Hainsworth, Jacques Jolivet, Robert Birch, Lisa G. Hopkins and F. Anthony Greco

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<740::AID-CNCR11>3.0.CO;2-#

      In this randomized study, treatment with mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil, and high dose leucovorin (NFL) produced a higher response rate than did cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in patients receiving first-line therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma (45% vs. 26%, respectively). Both regimens were well tolerated, and overall survival of patients was similar for both treatment groups.

    9. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Expression of scatter factor and c-met receptor in benign and malignant breast tissue (pages 749–760)

      Liang Jin, Alexander Fuchs, Stuart J. Schnitt, Yan Yao, Ansamma Joseph, Katrin Lamszus, Morag Park, Itzhak D. Goldberg and Eliot M. Rosen

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<749::AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-#

      Scatter factor is an invasogenic and angiogenic cytokine that may play a role in breast carcinoma progression. In this study, the authors showed that scatter factor and its receptor (c-met) are overexpressed in breast carcinoma relative to normal or benign breast tissue and that ligand and receptor are often coexpressed in cancer.

    10. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Lymph node negative invasive breast carcinoma 1 centimeter or less in size (T1a,bN0M0) : Clinicopathologic features and outcome (pages 761–771)

      Arthur K. C. Lee, Massimo Loda, Gasan Mackarem, Silvano Bosari, Ronald A. DeLellis, Gerald J. Heatley and Kevin Hughes

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<761::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-Y

      Histologic grade, peritumoral lymphatic invasion, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, and Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression are important prognostic parameters for T1a,bN0M0 invasive breast carcinoma. Careful determination of tumor size by direct measurement of histologic sections is critical in evaluating these tumors. In this study, no patients with tumors ≤ 0.5 cm, or of favorable histologic type, or of low histologic grade or low nuclear grade developed recurrence.

    11. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Tumor angiogenesis correlates with progression after radical prostatectomy but not with pathologic stage in gleason sum 5 to 7 adenocarcinoma of the prostate (pages 772–779)

      Mark A. Silberman, Alan W. Partin, Robert W. Veltri and Jonathan I. Epstein

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<772::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-X

      Tumor-related angiogenesis as assessed by microvascular density is shown to predict prognosis after radical prostatectomy but not stage at prostatectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

    12. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Significance of cyclin D1 overexpression in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder and its correlation with histopathologic features (pages 780–789)

      Chyi Chia R. Lee, Shinji Yamamoto, Keiichirou Morimura, Hideki Wanibuchi, Nobuyasu Nishisaka, Shinichi Ikemoto, Tatsuya Nakatani, Seiji Wada, Taketoshi Kishimoto and Shoji Fukushima

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<780::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-W

      Cyclin D1 overexpression is significantly correlated with histologic grade, T classification, and papillary status in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder.

    13. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Central neurocytomas (pages 790–795)

      Steven E. Schild, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Michael G. Haddock, David Schiff, Peter C. Burger, William W. Wong and Mark K. Lyons

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<790::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-V

      Central neurocytomas are uncommon, intraventricular brain tumors generally occurring in young adults. Although complete resection results in high rates of local control and long term survival, postoperative radiotherapy appears to improve local control rates significantly in patients who undergo subtotal resection.

    14. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Diagnostic discrepancies and their clinical impact in a neuropathology referral practice (pages 796–803)

      Janet M. Bruner, Lila Inouye, Gregory N. Fuller and Lauren A. Langford

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<796::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-V

      A second-opinion review of 500 brain and spinal cord biopsies resulted in significant disagreement with the original diagnoses in 8.8% of cases and serious implications that therapy should be altered.

      See also pages 665–667

    15. You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
      Pituitary carcinoma : A clinicopathologic study of 15 cases (pages 804–812)

      Peter J. Pernicone, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Thomas J. Sebo, Kalman T. Kovacs, Eva Horvath, William F. Young Jr., Ricardo V. Lloyd, Dudley H. Davis, Barton L. Guthrie and William C. Schoene

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<804::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-3

      Virtually all pituitary carcinomas, defined as adenohypophysial tumors exhibiting craniospinal or systemic metastases, present as invasive pituitary macroadenomas. Nearly all are functioning tumors, most commonly prolactin or adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumors. High-proliferation indices and p53 gene expression are more frequent in metastases than in primary tumors. The prognosis of pituitary carcinoma is poor. As an adjunct to the current functional classification of adenohypophysial neoplasms, the authors recommend a multitier "grading" scheme reflecting their aggressive potential.

    16. General Topic

      Carcinoid Tumors
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      An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors (pages 813–829)

      Irvin M. Modlin and Andras Sandor

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<813::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-2

      The authors evaluated 8305 carcinoid tumors identified by the End Results Group, Third National Cancer Survey, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programs of the National Cancer Institute from 1950 to 1991. Approximately 73.7% of these lesions occurred in the gastrointestinal tract and 25.1% in the tracheobronchopulmonary system. Changes in trends of incidence rates, distribution, associated neoplasms, metastatic spread, and prognosis are discussed and compared with other recent series.

    17. Chemotherapy: Complications
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      Incidence and morbidity of cholelithiasis in patients receiving chronic octreotide for metastatic carcinoid and malignant islet cell tumors (pages 830–834)

      Michael C. Trendle, Charles G. Moertel and Larry K. Kvols

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<830::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-#

      Greater than 50% of patients treated with octreotide for carcinoid or malignant islet cell tumors developed cholelithiasis, although a much smaller percentage of patients had symptomatic gallbladder disease. Patients receiving chronic octreotide therapy require monitoring for the development of gallstones.

    18. Cognitive Impairment in Cancer Patients
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      The frequency and clinical course of cognitive impairment in patients with terminal cancer (pages 835–842)

      Jose Pereira, John Hanson and Eduardo Bruera

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<835::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-#

      This study indicates the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with advanced cancer, illustrates the course of cognition over time, and indicates that cognitive failure is reversible in a significant proportion of these patients. The study also suggests that reversal of cognitive failure has prognostic implications for discharge.

    19. Multiple Primary Cancers
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      Cutaneous melanoma in patients with sarcoma (pages 843–848)

      Carola Berking and Mary S. Brady

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<843::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-Z

      In this study, patients with both melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma had more nerve sheath tumors and visceral sarcomas than expected. Strong family histories of cancer as well as additional primary tumors were common.

    20. Pediatric Oncology
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      Proliferation index as a predictor of prognosis in malignant gliomas of childhood (pages 849–856)

      Ian F. Pollack, Jeffrey W. Campbell, Ronald L. Hamilton, A. Julio Martinez and Michael E. Bozik

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<849::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-Z

      The authors report a significant association between MIB-1 labeling index and outcome among childhood malignant gliomas. The prognostic utility of this technique in relation to conventional histologic grading schemes is also discussed.

    21. Predicting Outcome of Cancer Patients
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      Artificial neural networks improve the accuracy of cancer survival prediction (pages 857–862)

      Harry B. Burke, Philip H. Goodman, David B. Rosen, Donald E. Henson, John N. Weinstein, Frank E. Harrell Jr., Jeffrey R. Marks, David P. Winchester and David G. Bostwick

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<857::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-Y

      Artificial neural networks are significantly more accurate than the TNM staging system in predicting cancer survival.

  5. Errata

    1. Top of page
    2. Editorials
    3. Commentaries
    4. Review Articles
    5. Original Articles
    6. Errata
    1. You have free access to this content
      Ifosfamide and etoposide plus vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide for newly diagnosed Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Cancer 1996; 78:901-11 (page 867)

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<867::AID-CNCR25>3.0.CO;2-1

    2. You have free access to this content
      Estrogen replacement therapy after treatment for localized breast carcinoma: Patient responses and opinions. Cancer 1996; 78:1043–8 (page 867)

      Article first published online: 27 SEP 2000 | DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<867::AID-CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-Z

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