Chapter 10. Combining Evidence from Fourfold Tables
Published Online: 5 JAN 2004
DOI: 10.1002/0471445428.ch10
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Book Title
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, Third Edition
Additional Information
How to Cite
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B. and Paik, M. C. (2004) Combining Evidence from Fourfold Tables, in Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/0471445428.ch10
Publication History
- Published Online: 5 JAN 2004
- Published Print: 5 SEP 2003
Book Series:
Book Series Editors:
- Walter A. Shewart,
- Samuel S. Wilks
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780471526292
Online ISBN: 9780471445425
- Summary
- Chapter
Keywords:
- fourfold tables;
- construction;
- interpretation;
- chi-squared tests;
- logarithms;
- odds ratios;
- exact inference;
- common odds ratio;
- approximate inference;
- Mantel-Haenszel method;
- stratification versus matching
Summary
The methods reviewed in this chapter are special cases of those available for the analysis of complex cross-classification tables. We describe how to use method with the logarithm of the odds ratio and then give the foundations of exact inference about a common odds ratio. Next, we describe approximate methods based on results of Cornfield and Gart. The Mantel-Haenszel method is described and presented. These methods are compared for different kinds of study designs, and we then indicate how they can be used as alternatives to matching in the control of confounding factors. We describe some popular but generally invalid methods for comparing and combining data from several fourfold tables. The chapter concludes with comments and results on matters related to confounding, meta-analysis, and tests for homogeneity of odds ratios in the large-sparse case. A problem solving section appears at the end of the chapter.