Formerly with Dantec Dynamics, Inc.
Chapter 4. Experimental Methods
- Edward L. Paul4,
- Victor A. Atiemo-Obeng5,
- Suzanne M. Kresta6
Published Online: 30 JAN 2004
DOI: 10.1002/0471451452.ch4
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Book Title
Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice
Additional Information
How to Cite
Brown, D. A. R., Jones, P. N., Middleton, J. C., Papadopoulos, G. and Arik, E. B. (2004) Experimental Methods, in Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice (eds E. L. Paul, V. A. Atiemo-Obeng and S. M. Kresta), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/0471451452.ch4
Editor Information
- 4
Merck & Co., Inc. (retired); 308 Brooklyn Boulevard, Sea Girt, NJ 08750, USA
- 5
The Dow Chemical Company, Building 1776, Midland, MI 48674, USA
- 6
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G6
Publication History
- Published Online: 30 JAN 2004
- Published Print: 14 NOV 2003
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780471269199
Online ISBN: 9780471451457
- Summary
- Chapter
Keywords:
- measurements;
- model fluids;
- simulant fluids;
- rheology;
- viscosity;
- scale-up;
- power draw;
- torque;
- strain gauge(s);
- load cell(s);
- air bearing;
- rheometer;
- (flow) visualisation;
- decolourisation;
- mixing time;
- blend time;
- optical probe(s);
- Schlieren effect;
- thermocouple;
- conductivity probe;
- residence time distribution;
- degree of mixedness;
- coefficient of variation;
- reactive mixing;
- Bourne reaction scheme;
- Azo-coupling;
- solid suspension;
- solid distribution;
- just suspended speed;
- Njs;
- ultrasonic Doppler flow-meter;
- UDF;
- droplet size;
- image analysis;
- bubble size;
- interfacial tension;
- pendant drop;
- phase inversion;
- laser diffraction;
- mass transfer;
- coalescence;
- gas hold-up;
- tomography;
- laser Doppler velocimetry;
- laser Doppler anemometry;
- PIV;
- particle image velocimetry;
- phase Doppler anemometry
Summary
Mixing experiments are often essential for successful process development and scale-up. The techniques and equipment required to make both qualitative and quantitative measurements of mixing processes are discussed. Emphasis is placed on practical instructions on how to perform the techniques and analyse the resulting data. Examples of typical data are included. Guidance on why and when mixing experiments should be performed is provided, as is information on some of the essential equipment and model fluids required to perform a typical range of mixing experiments. Sections describing the different types of measurements follow. These include rheology measurement, power measurement, miscible liquid phase mixing or blend time, solid–liquid mixing, immiscible liquid–liquid dispersion and gas–liquid mixing and mass transfer. A final extensive section describes the direct flow measurements LDA (or LDV), PDA, and PIV from both theoretical and practical perspectives.