The article contains sections titled:
| 1. | Introduction and History | | 2. | Properties | | 2.1. | Physical Properties and Structure | | 2.2. | Chemical Properties | | 2.3. | Important Amino Acids | | 2.3.1. | Proteinogenic Amino Acids | | 2.3.2. | Other Important Amino Acids | | 3. | Industrial Production of Amino Acids | | 3.1. | General Methods | | 3.2. | Production of Specific Amino Acids | | 3.2.1. | l-Alanine | | 3.2.2. | l-Arginine | | 3.2.3. | l-Aspartic Acid and Asparagine | | 3.2.4. | l-Cystine and l-Cysteine | | 3.2.5. | l-Glutamic Acid | | 3.2.6. | l-Glutamine | | 3.2.7. | l-Histidine | | 3.2.8. | l-Hydroxyproline | | 3.2.9. | l-Isoleucine | | 3.2.10. | l-Leucine | | 3.2.11. | l-Lysine | | 3.2.12. | d,l-Methionine and l-Methionine | | 3.2.13. | l-Phenylalanine | | 3.2.14. | l-Proline | | 3.2.15. | l-Serine | | 3.2.16. | l-Threonine | | 3.2.17. | l-Tryptophan | | 3.2.18. | l-Tyrosine | | 3.2.19. | l-Valine | | 4. | Biochemical and Physiological Significance | | 5. | Uses | | 5.1. | Human Nutrition | | 5.1.1. | Supplementation | | 5.1.2. | Flavorings, Taste Enhancers, and Sweeteners | | 5.1.3. | Other Uses in Foodstuff Technology | | 5.2. | Animal Nutrition | | 5.3. | Pharmaceuticals | | 5.3.1. | Nutritive Agents | | 5.3.2. | Therapeutic Agents | | 5.4. | Cosmetics | | 5.5. | Agrochemicals | | 5.5.1. | Herbicides | | 5.5.2. | Fungicides | | 5.5.3. | Insecticides | | 5.5.4. | Plant Growth Regulators | | 5.6. | Industrial Uses | | 6. | Chemical Analysis | | 7. | Economic Significance | | 8. | Toxicology |
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