Heating Oil

The article contains sections titled:

1.	Domestic Heating Oil
1.1.	Composition
1.2.	Quality Aspects
1.3.	Production
1.3.1.	Product and Processing
1.3.2.	Upgrading with Additives
1.4.	Uses and Heating Efficiency
1.5.	Product Specifications
1.6.	Storage and Transportation
1.7.	Environmental Protection
1.8.	Economic Aspects
2.	Residual Fuel Oil
2.1.	Composition and Properties
2.2.	Production
2.3.	Uses
2.4.	Quality Specifications, Testing, and Analysis
2.5.	Storage, Transportation, and Handling
2.6.	Environmental Protection

Domestic heating oil (domestic fuel oil, industrial gas oil) is an extra-light liquid distillate fuel produced from crude oil in refineries. In some countries a certain percentage of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can be included. This fuel is used for commercial and industrial processes, and mainly for heating purposes in working areas and domestic accommodation. The fuel is burned in atomizing or vaporizing burners.

Domestic heating oil is a very common energy carrier in the domestic heating market of many European countries, in Northern America, and in Japan. As a result of emission legislation and technical requirements different products are available in different countries. Basically heating oils can be divided in three classes:1. Kerosene, 2. Standard heating oil, 3. Low-sulfur heating oil.

The large volume and share of industrial gas oil in the total refinery stream (20 to 30 %) makes this product economically significant.