The article contains sections titled:
| 1. | Base Oils | | 1.1. | Historical Review and Outlook | | 1.2. | Chemical Characterization of Mineral Base Oils | | 1.3. | Refining | | 1.3.1. | Distillation | | 1.3.2. | Deasphalting | | 1.3.3. | Traditional Refining Processes | | 1.3.3.1. | Acid Refining | | 1.3.3.2. | Solvent Extraction | | 1.3.4. | Solvent Dewaxing | | 1.3.5. | Finishing | | 1.4. | Base Oil Manufacturing by Hydrogenation and Hydrocracking | | 1.4.1. | Manufacturing Naphthenic Base Oils by Hydrogenation | | 1.4.2. | Production of White Oils | | 1.4.3. | Lube Hydrocracking | | 1.4.4. | Catalytic Dewaxing | | 1.4.5. | Wax Isomerization | | 1.4.6. | Hybrid Lube Oil Processing | | 1.4.7. | All-Hydrogen Route | | 1.4.8. | Gas-to-Liquids Conversion Technology | | 1.5. | Boiling and Evaporation Behavior of Base Oils | | 2. | Synthetic Base Oils | | 2.1. | Synthetic Hydrocarbons | | 2.1.1. | Polyalphaolefins | | 2.1.2. | Polyinternalolefins | | 2.1.3. | Polybutenes | | 2.1.4. | Alkylated Aromatics | | 2.1.5. | Other Hydrocarbons | | 2.2. | Halogenated Hydrocarbons | | 2.3. | Synthetic Esters | | 2.3.1. | Esters of Carboxylic Acids | | 2.3.1.1. | Dicarboxylic Acid Esters | | 2.3.1.2. | Polyol Esters | | 2.3.1.3. | Other Carboxylic Esters | | 2.3.1.4. | Complex Esters | | 2.3.1.5. | Fluorinated Carboxylic Acid Esters | | 2.3.2. | Phosphate Esters | | 2.4. | Polyalkylene Glycols | | 2.5. | Other Polyethers | | 2.5.1. | Perfluorinated Polyethers | | 2.5.2. | Polyphenyl Ethers | | 2.5.3. | Polysiloxanes (Silicone Oils) | | 2.6. | Other Synthetic Base Oils | | 2.7. | Mixtures of Synthetic Lubricants | | 3. | Additives | | 3.1. | Antioxidants | | 3.1.1. | Mechanism of Oxidation and Antioxidants | | 3.1.2. | Compounds | | 3.2. | Viscosity Modifiers | | 3.2.1. | VI Improvement Mechanisms | | 3.2.2. | Structure and Chemistry of Viscosity Modifiers | | 3.3. | Pour Point Depressants | | 3.4. | Detergents and Dispersants | | 3.4.1. | Metal-Containing Compounds (Detergents) | | 3.4.2. | Ashless Dispersants (AD) | | 3.5. | Antifoam Agents | | 3.6. | Demulsifiers | | 3.7. | Dyes | | 3.8. | Antiwear and Extreme Pressure Additives | | 3.9. | Friction Modifiers | | 3.10. | Corrosion Inhibitors | | 3.10.1. | Antirust Additives | | 3.10.2. | Metal Passivators |
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