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Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures

  1. William J Gillespie1,*,
  2. Geert Walenkamp2

Editorial Group: Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group

Published Online: 21 JAN 2009

Assessed as up-to-date: 25 NOV 2000

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000244

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Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp G. Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000244. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000244.

Author Information

  1. 1

    University of Hull, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK

  2. 2

    Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastricht, Orthopaedics, Maastricht , Maastricht, Netherlands

*William J Gillespie, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. bill.gillespie@hyms.ac.uk. bill.gillespie@yahoo.co.nz.

Publication History

  1. Publication Status: Edited (no change to conclusions)
  2. Published Online: 21 JAN 2009

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References

References to studies included in this review

  1. References to studies included in this review
  2. References to studies excluded from this review
  3. References to studies awaiting assessment
  4. Additional references
Bergman 1982 {published data only}
Bodoky 1993 {published data only}
  • Bodoky A, Neff U, Heberer M, Harder F. Antibiotic prophylaxis with two doses of cephalosporin in patients managed with internal fixation for a fracture of the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1993;75A:61-65.
  • Bodoky A, Neff U, Heberer M, Harder F. Preoperative assessment of at-risk patients in traumatology [Praoperative erfassung von risikopatienten in der traumatologie]. Helvetica Chirurgica Acta 1989;56:91-5.
Boxma 1996 {published data only}
Boyd 1973 {published data only}
  • Boyd RJ, Burke JF, Colton T. A double-blind clinical trial of prophylactic antibiotics in hip fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1973;55A:1251-8.
Buckley 1990 {published data only}
  • Buckley R, Hughes GNF, Snodgrass T, Huchcroft SA. Perioperative cefazolin prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery. Canadian Journal of Surgery 1990;33:122-5.
  • Buckley RE, Hughes GNF. Perioperative cefazolin prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume 1989;71B:343.
Burnett 1980 {published data only}
  • Burnett JW, Gustilo RB, Williams DN, Kind AC. Prophylactic antibiotics in hip fracture. A double-blind, prospective study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1980;62:457-62.
Ericson 1973 {published data only}
  • Ericson C, Lidgren L, Lindberg L. Cloxacillin in the prophylaxis of post-operative infections of the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1973;55A:808-13, 843.
Garcia 1991 {published data only}
  • Garcia S, Lozana ML, Gatell JM, Soriana E, Ramon R, Sanmiguel JG. Prophylaxis against infection. Single-dose cefonicid compared with multiple dose cefamandole. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1991;73A:1044-8.
Gatell 1984 {published data only}
  • Gatell JM, Riba J, Lozana ML, Mana A, Ramon R, SanMiguel JG. Prophylactic cefamandole in orthopaedic surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1984;66A:1219-24.
Gatell 1987 {published data only}
  • Gatell JM, Garcia S, Lozano L, Soriano E, Ramon R, SanMiguel JG. Perioperative cefamandole prophylaxis against infections. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1987;69A:1189-93.
Hedstrom 1987 {published data only}
Hjortrup 1990 {published data only}
  • Hjortrup A, Sorensen C, Mejdahl S, Horsneas M, Kjersgaard P. Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery for hip fractures. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1990;61:152-3.
  • Kjersgaard P, Hjortrup A, Moesgaard F, Horsnaes M. [Profylaktiske antibiotika ved operation for hoftefraktur]. Ugeskrift for Laeger 1987;149:713-4.
Hughes 1991 {published data only}
Jones 1987 B {published data only}
  • Jones RN, Wojeski W, Bakke J, Porter C, Searles M. Antibiotic prophylaxis of 1036 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. A prospective randomized comparative trial of cefazolin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime in a prepaid medical practice. American Journal of Surgery 1987;153:341-6.
Karachalios 1987 {published data only}
  • Karachalios T, Lyritis G, Hatzopoulos E, Sapkas G. Single dose prophylaxis of ceftriaxone versus standard dosage of cefotaxime in the prophylaxis of bacterial complications in orthopaedic surgery. Chemioterapia: international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy 1987;6:573-5.
  • Karachalios Th, Lyritis GP, Hatzopoulos E. Antibiotic prophylaxix in the surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures: a comparative trial between two cephalosporins. Chemotherapy 1990;36:448-53.
Kaukonen 1995 {published data only}
  • Kaukonen JP, Kemppainen E, Makijarvi J, Touminen T. One dose cefuroxime prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery. Annales Chirurgica et Gynaecologiae 1995;84:417-9.
Luthje 2000 {published data only}
  • Lüthje P, Nurmi I, Aho H, Honkanene P, Jokipii P, Kataja M, et al. Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in osteosynthesis for hip fractures. A clinical multicentre study in Finland. Annales Chirurgiae at Gynaecologiae 2000;89:125-30.
McQueen 1990 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
Nelson 1983 {published data only}
  • Heydemann JS, Nelson CL. Short-term preventive antibiotics. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1986;205:184-7.
  • Nelson CL, Green TG, Porter RA, Warren RD. One day versus seven days of preventive antibiotic therapy in orthopaedic surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1983;176:258-63.
Nungu 1995 {published data only}
  • Nungu KS, Larsson S, Wallinder L, Holm S. Bone and wound fluid concentrations of cephalosporins. Oral cefadroxil and parenteral cefuroxime compared in 52 patients with a trochanteric fracture. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1995;66:161-5.
  • Nungu KS, Olereud C, Rehnberg L, Larsson S, Nordell P, Alvin I, Bengtsson S, Wallinder L, Hedin G. Prophylaxis with oral cephadril versus intravenous cefuroxime in trochanteric fracture surgery. A clinical multicentre study. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 1995;114:303-7.
Paiement 1994 {published data only}
  • Paiement GD, Renaud E, Dagenais G, Gosselin RA. Double-blind randomized prospective study of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 1994;8:64-6.
Tengve 1978 {published data only}
  • Tengve B, Kjellander J. Antibiotic prophylaxis in operations on trochanteric femoral fractures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1978;60A:97-9.

References to studies excluded from this review

  1. References to studies included in this review
  2. References to studies excluded from this review
  3. References to studies awaiting assessment
  4. Additional references
Benson 1983 {published data only}
Braun 1987 {published data only}
  • Braun R, Enzler MA, Rittmann WW. A double blind clinical trial of prophylactic cloxacillin in open fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 1987;1:12-17.
Centulio 1988 {published data only}
  • Centulio F, Conticello A. [Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis with ceftriaxone in surgical implantation of a non-cemented hip prosthesis: comparison of 2 dosage schemes]. [Italian]. Chirurgia Degli Organi di Movimento 1988;73(4):357-61.
De Benedictis 1984 {published data only}
  • De Benedictis KJ, Rowan NM, Boyer BL. A double-blind study comparing cefonicid with cefazolin as prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1984;6:S901-4.
Dellinger 1988 {published data only}
Evrard 1988 {published data only}
  • Evrard J, Doyon F, Acar JF, Salord JC, Mazas F, Flamant R. Two day cefamandole versus five-day cephazolin prophylaxis in 965 total hip replacements. Report of a multicentre double blind randomised trial. International Orthopaedics 1988;12:69-73.
Gunst 1984 {published data only}
  • Gunst JP, Deletang S, Rogez JM, Blanloeil Y, Baron D, Dixneuf B. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy with cefamandole in total hip surgery replacement using Charnley's tent. A randomized study [Antibiotherapie prophylactique par le cefamandole dans la chirurgie de la prosthese totale de hanche sous tente de Charnley. Etude randomisee]. Pathologie et Biologie 1984;32(5 Pt 2):567-9.
Henley 1986 {published data only}
  • Henley MB, Jones RE, Wyatt RWB, Hofmann A, Cohen RL. Prophylaxis with cefamandole nafate in elective orthopaedic surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics 1986;209:249-54.
Hill 1981 {published data only}
Johnson 1988 {published data only}
  • Johnson KD, Bone LB, Scheinberg R. Severe open tibial fractures: a study protocol. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 1988;2:175-80.
Jones 1985 {published data only}
  • Jones S, DiPiro JT, Nix DE, Bhatti NA. Cephalosporins for prophylaxis in operative repair of femoral fractures; levels in serum, muscle, and hematoma. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1985;67A:921-4.
Jones 1987 A {published data only}
  • Jones RN, Wojeski WV. Single dose cephalosporin prophylaxis of 929 surgical procedures in a prepaid group practice: a prospective randomized comparison of cefoperazone and cefotaxime. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 1987;6:323-34.
Knapp 1996 {published data only}
  • Knapp TP, Patzakis MJ, Lee J, Seipel PR, Abdollahi K, Reisch RB. Comparison of intravenous and oral antibiotic therapy in the treatment of fractures caused by low-velocity gunshots. A prospective, randomized study of infection rates. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1996;78:1167-71.
Lidwell 1984 {published data only}
  • Lidwell OM, Lowbury EJL, Whyte W, Blowers R, Stanley SJ, Lowe D. Infection and sepsis after operations for total hip of knee joint replacement: influence of ultraclean air, prophylactic antibiotics and other factors. Journal of Hygiene 1984;93:505-29.
Mauerhan 1994 {published data only}
  • Mauerhan DR, Nelson CL, Smith DL, Fitzgerald RH, Slama TG, Petty RW, et al. Prophylaxis against infection in total joint arthroplasty. One day of cefuroxime compared with three days of cefazolin. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1994;76A:39-45.
Mollan 1994 {published data only}
  • Mollan RAB, Haddock M, Webb CH. Teicoplanin vs cephamandole for antimicrobial prophylaxis in prosthetic joint implant surgery; preliminary results. European Journal of Surgery 1992, (Suppl 567):19-21.
Patzakis 1977 {published data only}
Pavel 1974 {published data only}
  • Pavel A, Smith RL, Ballard A, Larson IJ. Prophylactic antibiotics in elective orthopaedic surgery: a prospective study of 1,591 cases. Southern Medical Journal 1977;70(Suppl 1):50-5.
  • Pavel A, Smith RL, Larsen IJ. Prophylactic antibiotics in clean orthopaedic surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 1974;56A:777-82.
Periti 1989 {published data only}
  • Periti P, Jacchia E. Ceftriaxone as short-term antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in orthopedic surgery: a 1-year multicenter follow-up. European Surgical Research 1989;21(Suppl 1):25-32.
Periti 1992 {published data only}
  • Periti P, Stringa G, Donati L, Mazzei T, Mini E, Novelli A. Teicoplanin- its role in systemic therapy of burns infections and as prophylaxis for orthopaedic surgery. European Surgical Research 1992, (Suppl 567):3-8.
Pollard 1979 {published data only}
Schulitz 1980 {published data only}
  • Schulitz KP, Winkellman W, Schoening B. The prophylactic use of antibiotics in alloarthroplasty of the hip joint for coxarthrosis. A randomized study. Archives of Orthopaedic Trauma and Surgery 1980;96:79-82.
Vainionpaa 1988 {published data only}
  • Vainionpaa S, Wilppula E, Lalla M, Renkonen OV, Rokkanen P. Cefamandole and isoxazolyl penicillins in antibiotic prophylaxis of patients undergoing total hip or knee-joint arthroplasty. Archives of Orthopaedic Trauma and Surgery 1988;107:228-30.
Van Meirhaeghe 1989 {published data only}
  • Van Meirhaeghe J, Verdonk R, Vershraegen G, Myny P, Paeme G, Claessens H. Flucloxacillin compared with cefazolin in short-term prophylaxis for clean orthopaedic surgery. Archives of Orthopaedic Trauma and Surgery 1989;108:308-13.
Visuri 1976 {published data only}
  • Visuri T, Antila P, Laurent LE. A comparison of dicloxacillin and ampicillin in the antibiotic prophylaxis of total hip replacement. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae 1976;65:58-61.
Wymenga 1992 {published data only}
  • Wymenga A, van Horn J, Theeuwes A, Muytjens H, Slooff T. Cefuroxime for prevention of post-operative coxitis. One versus three doses tested in a randomized multi-center study of 2651 arthroplasties. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 1992;63:19-24.

References to studies awaiting assessment

  1. References to studies included in this review
  2. References to studies excluded from this review
  3. References to studies awaiting assessment
  4. Additional references
Chiu 1993 {published data only}
  • Chiu KY, Ng KH, Fung B, Lau SK, Chow SP. A prospective randomized study on four regimes of antibiotic prophylaxis for hip fracture operations. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume 1993;75B(Suppl III):230.

Additional references

  1. References to studies included in this review
  2. References to studies excluded from this review
  3. References to studies awaiting assessment
  4. Additional references
Albers 1994
  • Albers BA, Patka P, Haarman HJTM, Kostense PJ. Cost effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for closed fractures [Kosteneffektivat einer Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei Senkung des Infectionsrisikos um 0,25%]. Unfallchirurgie 1994;97:625-8.
Burke 1961
Doyon 1989
  • Doyon F, Evrard J, Mazas F. Evaluation of therapeutic trials published apropos of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery [Evaluation des essais therapeutiques publies sur l'antibioprophylaxie en chirugie orthopedique]. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l Appareil Moteur. 1989;75:72-6.
Norden 1991
  • Norden CW. Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1991;13(10 Suppl):842S-6S.
Platt 1991
  • Platt R. Methodological aspects of clinical studies of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1991;13(10 Suppl):810-4.
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