Intervention Review
Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma
Editorial Group: Cochrane Airways Group
Published Online: 16 MAR 2011
Assessed as up-to-date: 10 NOV 2010
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000436.pub3
Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Database Title
Additional Information
How to Cite
Pogson Z, McKeever T. Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000436. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000436.pub3.
Publication History
- Publication Status: New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions)
- Published Online: 16 MAR 2011
Abstract
Background
There is a wide geographical variation in the prevalence of asthma and observational studies have suggested that dietary sodium may play a role.
Objectives
To assess the effect of dietary sodium manipulation on asthma control.
Search methods
We carried out a search using the Cochrane Airways Group asthma register. We searched the bibliographies of included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for additional studies. We carried out the most recent search in November 2010.
Selection criteria
We considered only RCTs that involved dietary sodium reduction or increased sodium intake in patients with asthma.
Data collection and analysis
Both review authors assessed study and extracted data. We conducted data analyses in RevMan 5 using mean differences and random effects.
Main results
We identified a total of nine studies in relation to sodium manipulation and asthma, of which five were in people with asthma (318 participants), and four in people with exercise-induced asthma (63 participants). There were no significant benefits of salt restriction on the control of asthma. There was some evidence from the exercise-induced asthma studies that a low sodium diet may improve lung function after exercise and possibly baseline lung function, but this is based on findings from a very small numbers of participants.
Authors' conclusions
This review did not find any evidence that dietary sodium reduction significantly improves asthma control. Although dietary sodium reduction may result in improvements in lung function in exercise-induced asthma, the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Plain language summary
Dietary sodium reduction or exclusion for asthma
A review of the current literature suggests that reduction in the amount of dietary sodium consumed has no significant effect on the symptoms of asthma but may be associated with improvements in some lung function measurements in exercise-induced asthma.
摘要
背景
減鹽或無鹽的飲食對過敏性氣喘的影響
氣喘的盛行率有很大的地域性差別,其中一個可能的原因,可能和飲食中鹽的使用量有關.
目標
本次文獻回顧的目的在於評估減少鈉攝取量對於氣喘病人的影響.
搜尋策略
利用Cochrane呼吸道群組登記的氣喘試驗做搜尋.並且在納入的隨機對照試驗的參考書目中,搜尋額外的研究.同時也與已納入之隨機對照試驗的作者聯繫,以收集更多相關研究.最後的一次搜尋於2004年2月進行.
選擇標準
所有的研究都是包含氣喘病人減鹽或增加鹽攝取的隨機對照試驗.包含像花粉症,過敏性鼻炎及濕疹的過敏情況的研究均納入考慮.氣喘病人則個別地進行確認.
資料收集與分析
由兩位審閱者評估研究的品質及擷取數據資料. 所有的資料均以Cochrane Collaboration software 進行分析.
主要結論
本篇文獻回顧包括6個隨機對照試驗.所有的研究都是小樣本數的短期研究.其中只有4篇研究的資料是可被彙整的. 低鈉飲食者明顯地比正常或高鈉飲食者排出較少的尿鈉.對任何氣喘的結果,低鹽飲食和正常或高鹽飲食都沒有明顯的差別,但是信賴區間較大. 相較於正常飲食, 低鹽飲食者的肺功能指標(FEV1) 顯示WMD為0.09 L (95% 信賴區間為 −0.19 L to 0.38 L). 若與高鹽飲食者相較,則WMD為0.18 L (95% 信賴區間為 −0.11 L to 0.48 L). 與正常飲食者或高鹽飲食者相較, 低鹽飲食者的每日PEFR 並無顯著增加. 相較於正常飲食者,低鹽飲食者的支氣管擴張劑使用量顯示WMD為 −0.07 puffs/day; 95%信賴區間為 −0.94 to 0.81;與高鹽飲食者相較, 則WMD為 −0.65 puffs/day; 95% 信賴區間為 −1.75 to 0.45.
作者結論
根據最近的證據,減鹽飲食是否在治療或處理氣喘佔有一席之地仍是沒有定論.這篇回顧的結果顯示低鹽飲食可改善肺功能,然而在下定論時,仍需更大規模的試驗來證實.
翻譯人
本摘要由國泰綜合醫院劉怡敏翻譯。
此翻譯計畫由臺灣國家衛生研究院(National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan)統籌。
總結
目前有限的研究證據顯示:減少飲食中含鹽量,對於氣喘可能沒有影響,或僅有些微的影響.