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Effects and safety of preventive oral iron or iron+folic acid supplementation for women during pregnancy

  1. Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas1,*,
  2. Fernando E Viteri2

Editorial Group: Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group

Published Online: 7 OCT 2009

Assessed as up-to-date: 24 JUN 2009

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub3

Database Title

Additional Information

How to Cite

Peña-Rosas JP, Viteri FE. Effects and safety of preventive oral iron or iron+folic acid supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004736. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub3.

Author Information

  1. 1

    World Health Organization, Reduction of Micronutrient Malnutrition Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, Geneva 27, Switzerland

  2. 2

    Children's Hospital and Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA

*Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Reduction of Micronutrient Malnutrition Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, Geneva 27, 1211, Switzerland. penarosasj@who.int.

Publication History

  1. Publication Status: New search for studies and content updated (no change to conclusions)
  2. Published Online: 7 OCT 2009

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[Figure 1]
Figure 1. Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, outcome: 1.7 Maternal Hb concentration at term (g/L) (ALL).
[Figure 2]
Figure 2. Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, outcome: 1.9 Anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L).
[Analysis 1.1]
Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 1 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.2]
Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 2 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.3]
Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 3 Birthweight (g) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.4]
Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 4 Birthweight (g) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.5]
Analysis 1.5. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 5 Premature delivery (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.6]
Analysis 1.6. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 6 Premature delivery (less 37 weeks of gestation) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.7]
Analysis 1.7. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 7 Maternal Hb concentration at term (g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.8]
Analysis 1.8. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 8 Maternal Hb concentration at term (g/L) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.9]
Analysis 1.9. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 9 Anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.10]
Analysis 1.10. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 10 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.11]
Analysis 1.11. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 11 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.12]
Analysis 1.12. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 12 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 1.13]
Analysis 1.13. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 13 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.14]
Analysis 1.14. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 14 Iron deficiency at term (as defined by two or more indicators) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.15]
Analysis 1.15. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 15 Iron deficiency at term (as defined by two or more indicators) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.16]
Analysis 1.16. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 16 Iron deficiency anaemia at term (ALL).
[Analysis 1.17]
Analysis 1.17. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 17 Iron deficiency anaemia at term (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.18]
Analysis 1.18. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 18 Side-effects (Any) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.19]
Analysis 1.19. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 19 Side-effects (Any) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 1.20]
Analysis 1.20. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 20 Very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.21]
Analysis 1.21. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 21 Perinatal death (ALL).
[Analysis 1.24]
Analysis 1.24. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 24 Infant Hb concentration at 3 months (g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.25]
Analysis 1.25. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 25 Infant serum ferritin concentration at 3 months (ug/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.26]
Analysis 1.26. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 26 Infant Hb concentration at 6 months (g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.27]
Analysis 1.27. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 27 Infant serum ferritin concentration at 6 months (ug/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.29]
Analysis 1.29. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 29 Admission to special care unit (ALL).
[Analysis 1.30]
Analysis 1.30. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 30 Very premature delivery (less than 34 weeks' gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.31]
Analysis 1.31. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 31 Severe anaemia at term (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.32]
Analysis 1.32. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 32 Moderate anaemia at term (Hb more than 70 g/L and less than 90 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.33]
Analysis 1.33. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 33 Severe anaemia at any time during second and third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 1.34]
Analysis 1.34. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 34 Moderate anaemia at any time during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 1.35]
Analysis 1.35. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 35 Infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.36]
Analysis 1.36. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 36 Puerperal infection (ALL).
[Analysis 1.37]
Analysis 1.37. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 37 Antepartum haemorraghe (ALL).
[Analysis 1.38]
Analysis 1.38. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 38 Postpartum haemorraghe (ALL).
[Analysis 1.39]
Analysis 1.39. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 39 Transfusion provided (ALL).
[Analysis 1.40]
Analysis 1.40. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 40 Haemoglobin concentration within one month postpartum (ALL).
[Analysis 1.41]
Analysis 1.41. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 41 Severe anaemia at postpartum (Hb less than 80 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.42]
Analysis 1.42. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 42 Moderate anaemia at postpartum (Hb more than 80 g/L and less than 100 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.43]
Analysis 1.43. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 43 Diarrhoea (ALL).
[Analysis 1.44]
Analysis 1.44. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 44 Constipation (ALL).
[Analysis 1.45]
Analysis 1.45. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 45 Nausea (ALL).
[Analysis 1.46]
Analysis 1.46. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 46 Heartburn (ALL).
[Analysis 1.47]
Analysis 1.47. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 47 Vomiting (ALL).
[Analysis 1.48]
Analysis 1.48. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 48 Maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy) (ALL).
[Analysis 1.49]
Analysis 1.49. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 49 Maternal wellbeing/satisfaction (ALL).
[Analysis 1.50]
Analysis 1.50. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 50 Placental abruption (ALL).
[Analysis 1.51]
Analysis 1.51. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 51 Premature rupture of membranes (ALL).
[Analysis 1.52]
Analysis 1.52. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 52 Pre-eclampsia (ALL).
[Analysis 1.91]
Analysis 1.91. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 91 Small for gestational age (less than 10th percentile weight at birth for gestational age) (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.93]
Analysis 1.93. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 93 Cesarean delivery (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.94]
Analysis 1.94. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 94 Birth length in cm (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.95]
Analysis 1.95. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 95 Forceps or vacuum delivery (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.96]
Analysis 1.96. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 96 Breastfeeding at least 4 months (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.97]
Analysis 1.97. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 97 Haemoglobin concentration at 4-8 weeks' postpartum (g/L) (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.98]
Analysis 1.98. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 98 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 1.99]
Analysis 1.99. Comparison 1 Daily iron alone versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 99 Apgar Score at 5 min (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 2.3]
Analysis 2.3. Comparison 2 Intermittent iron alone versus daily iron alone, Outcome 3 Birthweight (ALL).
[Analysis 2.5]
Analysis 2.5. Comparison 2 Intermittent iron alone versus daily iron alone, Outcome 5 Premature delivery (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 2.12]
Analysis 2.12. Comparison 2 Intermittent iron alone versus daily iron alone, Outcome 12 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 2.33]
Analysis 2.33. Comparison 2 Intermittent iron alone versus daily iron alone, Outcome 33 Severe anaemia at any time during second and third trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 2.34]
Analysis 2.34. Comparison 2 Intermittent iron alone versus daily iron alone, Outcome 34 Moderate anaemia at any time during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 3.1]
Analysis 3.1. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 1 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.2]
Analysis 3.2. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 2 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.3]
Analysis 3.3. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 3 Birthweight (ALL).
[Analysis 3.4]
Analysis 3.4. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 4 Birthweight (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.5]
Analysis 3.5. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 5 Premature delivery (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.6]
Analysis 3.6. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 6 Premature delivery (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (BY SUB GROUPS).
[Analysis 3.7]
Analysis 3.7. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 7 Haemoglobin concentration at term (ALL).
[Analysis 3.8]
Analysis 3.8. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 8 Haemoglobin concentration at term (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.9]
Analysis 3.9. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 9 Anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.10]
Analysis 3.10. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 10 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.11]
Analysis 3.11. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 11 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.12]
Analysis 3.12. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 12 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 3.13]
Analysis 3.13. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 13 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.14]
Analysis 3.14. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 14 Iron deficiency at term (as defined by two or more indicators) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.15]
Analysis 3.15. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 15 Iron deficiency at term (as defined by two or more indicators) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.16]
Analysis 3.16. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 16 Iron deficiency anaemia at term (ALL).
[Analysis 3.17]
Analysis 3.17. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 17 Iron deficiency anaemia at term (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 3.18]
Analysis 3.18. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 18 Side effects (Any) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.20]
Analysis 3.20. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 20 Very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.21]
Analysis 3.21. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 21 Perinatal death (ALL).
[Analysis 3.29]
Analysis 3.29. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 29 Admission to special care unit (ALL).
[Analysis 3.30]
Analysis 3.30. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 30 Very premature delivery (less than 34 weeks' gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.31]
Analysis 3.31. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 31 Severe anaemia at term (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.32]
Analysis 3.32. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 32 Moderate anaemia at term (Hb more than 70g/L and less than 90 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.33]
Analysis 3.33. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 33 Severe anaemia at any time during second and third trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.34]
Analysis 3.34. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 34 Moderate anaemia at any time during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 3.35]
Analysis 3.35. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 35 Infection during pregnancy (including urinary tract infections) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.36]
Analysis 3.36. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 36 Puerperal infection (ALL).
[Analysis 3.37]
Analysis 3.37. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 37 Antepartum haemorrhage (ALL).
[Analysis 3.38]
Analysis 3.38. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 38 Postpartum haemorrhage (ALL).
[Analysis 3.40]
Analysis 3.40. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 40 Haemoglobin concentration within one month postpartum (ALL).
[Analysis 3.41]
Analysis 3.41. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 41 Severe anaemia at postpartum (Hb less than 80 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.42]
Analysis 3.42. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 42 Moderate anaemia at postpartum (Hb more than 80 g/L and less than 100 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.48]
Analysis 3.48. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 48 Maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy) (ALL).
[Analysis 3.50]
Analysis 3.50. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 50 Placental abruption (ALL).
[Analysis 3.52]
Analysis 3.52. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 52 Pre-eclampsia (ALL).
[Analysis 3.91]
Analysis 3.91. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 91 Small for gestational age (less than 10th percentile weight at birth for gestational age) (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 3.92]
Analysis 3.92. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 92 Oedema during pregnancy (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 3.93]
Analysis 3.93. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 93 Caesarean delivery (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 3.94]
Analysis 3.94. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 94 Birth length in cm (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 3.97]
Analysis 3.97. Comparison 3 Daily iron-folic acid versus no intervention/placebo, Outcome 97 Haemoglobin concentration at 4-8 weeks postpartum (not prespecified).
[Analysis 4.1]
Analysis 4.1. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 1 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.2]
Analysis 4.2. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 2 Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.3]
Analysis 4.3. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 3 Birthweight (ALL).
[Analysis 4.4]
Analysis 4.4. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 4 Birthweight (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.5]
Analysis 4.5. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 5 Premature delivery (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.7]
Analysis 4.7. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 7 Haemoglobin concentration at term (ALL).
[Analysis 4.8]
Analysis 4.8. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 8 Haemoglobin concentration at term (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.9]
Analysis 4.9. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 9 Anaemia at term (Hb < 110 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.10]
Analysis 4.10. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 10 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.11]
Analysis 4.11. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 11 Haemoconcentration at term (Hb more than 130 g/L) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.12]
Analysis 4.12. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 12 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (Hb more than 130 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.13]
Analysis 4.13. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 13 Haemoconcentration during second or third trimester (Hb more than 130 g/L) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.16]
Analysis 4.16. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 16 Iron deficiency anaemia at term (based on two or more indicators) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.18]
Analysis 4.18. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 18 Side effects (any) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.19]
Analysis 4.19. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 19 Side effects (any) (BY SUBGROUPS).
[Analysis 4.20]
Analysis 4.20. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 20 Very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.21]
Analysis 4.21. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 21 Perinatal death (ALL).
[Analysis 4.27]
Analysis 4.27. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 27 Infant ferritin concentration at 6 months (ug/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.30]
Analysis 4.30. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 30 Very premature delivery (less than 34 weeks of gestation) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.31]
Analysis 4.31. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 31 Severe anaemia at term (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.32]
Analysis 4.32. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 32 Moderate anaemia at term (Hb more than 70g/L and less than 90 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.33]
Analysis 4.33. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 33 Severe anaemia at any time during second and third trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.34]
Analysis 4.34. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 34 Moderate anaemia at any time during second or third trimester (ALL).
[Analysis 4.37]
Analysis 4.37. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 37 Antepartum haemorraghe (ALL).
[Analysis 4.41]
Analysis 4.41. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 41 Severe anaemia at postpartum (Hb less than 80 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.42]
Analysis 4.42. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 42 Moderate anaemia at postpartum (Hb more than 80 g/L and less than 100 g/L) (ALL).
[Analysis 4.43]
Analysis 4.43. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 43 Diarrhoea (ALL).
[Analysis 4.44]
Analysis 4.44. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 44 Constipation (ALL).
[Analysis 4.45]
Analysis 4.45. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 45 Nausea (ALL).
[Analysis 4.46]
Analysis 4.46. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 46 Heartburn (ALL).
[Analysis 4.47]
Analysis 4.47. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 47 Vomiting (ALL).
[Analysis 4.50]
Analysis 4.50. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 50 Placental abruption (ALL).
[Analysis 4.51]
Analysis 4.51. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 51 Premature rupture of membranes (ALL).
[Analysis 4.68]
Analysis 4.68. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 68 Ln (serum ferritin concentration) 4-8 wk postpartum (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 4.70]
Analysis 4.70. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 70 Low serum ferritin concentration at postpartum (4-8 wk) (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 4.71]
Analysis 4.71. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 71 High serum transferrin receptors at 6 weeks postpartum (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 4.93]
Analysis 4.93. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 93 Caesarean delivery (not pre-specified).
[Analysis 4.97]
Analysis 4.97. Comparison 4 Intermittent iron-folic acid versus daily iron-folic acid, Outcome 97 Haemoglobin concentration at 4-8 weeks postpartum (not pre-specified).
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