Intervention Review

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion

  1. Tasanee Braithwaite1,*,
  2. Afshan A Nanji2,
  3. Paul B Greenberg3

Editorial Group: Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group

Published Online: 6 OCT 2010

Assessed as up-to-date: 9 AUG 2010

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub2

How to Cite

Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Greenberg PB. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD007325. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub2.

Author Information

  1. 1

    Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

  2. 2

    Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  3. 3

    Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Ophthalmology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

*Tasanee Braithwaite, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK. tasaneebraithwaite@gmail.com.

Publication History

  1. Publication Status: New
  2. Published Online: 6 OCT 2010

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Abstract

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen
  5. 摘要

Background

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder in which macular edema (ME) may develop, with a consequent reduction in visual acuity. The visual prognosis in CRVO-ME is poor in a substantial proportion of patients, especially those with the ischemic subtype, and until recently there has been no treatment of proven benefit. Macular grid laser treatment is ineffective, and whilst a few recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest short-term gains in visual acuity with intravitreal steroids for patients with non-ischemic CRVO-ME, there is no established treatment for ischemic CRVO-ME. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been used to treat ME resulting from a variety of causes and may represent a treatment option for CRVO-ME.

Objectives

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of CRVO-ME.

Search methods

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 8), MEDLINE (January 1950 to August 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to August 2010), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (January 1982 to August 2010), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (January 1937 to August 2010), OpenSIGLE (January 1950 to August 2010), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com) and ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov). There were no language or date restrictions in the search for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 10 August 2010.

Selection criteria

We considered RCTs that compared intravitreal anti-VEGF agents of any dose or duration to sham injection or no treatment. We focused on studies that included individuals of any age or gender with unilateral or bilateral disease and a minimum of six months follow up. Secondarily, we considered non-randomized studies with the same criteria, but did not conduct a separate electronic search for these.

Data collection and analysis

Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data.

Main results

We found two RCTs that met the inclusion criteria after independent and duplicate review of the search results. These RCTs utilized different anti-VEGF agents which cannot be assumed to be directly comparable. We, therefore, performed no meta-analysis. Evidence from these trials and from other non-randomized case series is summarized in this review.

Authors' conclusions

Ranibizumab and pegaptanib sodium have shown promise in the short-term treatment of non-ischemic CRVO-ME. However, effectiveness and safety data from larger RCTs with follow up beyond six months are not yet available. There are no RCT data on anti-VEGF agents in ischemic CRVO-ME. The use of anti-VEGF agents to treat this condition therefore remains experimental.

 

Plain language summary

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen
  5. 摘要

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular edema secondary to central vein occlusion

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is thought to affect between one and four people per thousand at any one time, and is associated with increasing age, high blood pressure, diabetes, glaucoma and various disorders of the blood. It frequently causes sudden painless vision loss in one eye, although sometimes the vision loss may be minimal. If the vein blockage leads to inadequate oxygen delivery to the sensitive retinal tissue, the CRVO is considered to be of the 'non-perfused' or 'ischemic' subtype. More commonly, blood flow and oxygen delivery are restored following the vein blockage and the CRVO is considered to be of the 'perfused' or 'non-ischemic' subtype, which has a better visual outcome. Various other complications may develop over hours, days, weeks or months. These include macular edema (ME), in which fluid collects within the retina and causes reduction in vision. Until recently there has been no evidence-based treatment for this condition and many potential treatments, including laser, have been found to be ineffective. Recent studies suggest that an injection or implant of steroids in the eye may be of at least short-term benefit to patients with the perfused subtype of the condition. However, steroids are associated with significant side effects and there is currently no evidence that the benefit is sustained, or that patients with the non-perfused subtype of CRVO benefit from this treatment. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been used successfully to treat patients with other retinal vascular disorders, including several conditions associated with ME. Whilst anti-VEGF treatment appears to be associated with improved vision in a proportion of patients with perfused CRVO-ME, there are currently no well-designed studies with a sufficient follow-up time in the literature to allow a conclusion about their medium and long-term effectiveness and safety to be drawn. The outcomes of several trials with follow up exceeding one year are keenly awaited, and the use of anti-VEGF agents for CRVO-ME remains experimental.

 

Resumen

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen
  5. 摘要

Antecedentes

Factor de crecimiento endotelial antivascular para el edema macular secundario a la oclusión de la vena central de la retina

La oclusión de la vena central de la retina (OVCR) es un trastorno vascular común de la retina en el cual puede aparecer un edema macular (EM), con una reducción consecuente de la agudeza visual. El pronóstico visual en la OVCREM es deficiente en una proporción considerable de pacientes, especialmente en las personas con el subtipo isquémico, y hasta hace poco no ha habido ningún tratamiento con beneficios comprobados. El tratamiento macular con láser en cuadrículas no es efectivo, y aunque unos pocos ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) recientes indican beneficios a corto plazo en la agudeza visual con esteroides intravítreos para los pacientes con OVCREM no isquémica, no hay ningún tratamiento establecido para la OVCREM isquémica. Los agentes del factor de crecimiento endotelial antivascular (antiVEGF por sus siglas en inglés) se han utilizado para tratar el EM que proviene de una variedad de causas y pueden representar una opción de tratamiento para la OVCREM.

Objetivos

Investigar la efectividad y la seguridad de los agentes intravítreos antiVEGF para el tratamiento de la OVCREM.

Estrategia de búsqueda

Se realizaron búsquedas en el Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL) (que contiene el Registro de Ensayos del Grupo Cochrane de Trastornos de los Ojos y la Visión [Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group]) (The Cochrane Library 2010, número 8), MEDLINE (enero 1950 to August 2010), EMBASE (enero 1980 hasta agosto 2010), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (enero 1982 hasta agosto 2010), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (enero 1937 hasta agosto 2010), OpenSIGLE (enero 1950 hasta agosto 2010), el metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) () y ClinicalTrials.gov (). No hubo restricciones de idioma o de fecha en la búsqueda de ensayos. Las búsquedas en las bases de datos electrónicas se realizaron por última vez el 10 de agosto de 2010.

Criterios de selección

Se consideraron los ECA que compararon los agentes intravítreos antiVEGF en cualquier dosis o duración con una inyección simulada o ningún tratamiento. Nos centramos en los estudios que incluían a individuos de cualquier edad o sexo con enfermedad unilateral o bilateral y un mínimo de seis meses de seguimiento. En segundo término, se consideraron los estudios no aleatorios con los mismos criterios, aunque para obtenerlos no se realizó una búsqueda electrónica por separado.

Obtención y análisis de los datos

Dos autores de la revisión evaluaron de forma independiente la calidad de los ensayos y extrajeron los datos.

Resultados principales

Se encontraron dos ECA que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión después de la revisión independiente y por duplicado de los resultados de la búsqueda. Estos ECA utilizaron diferentes agentes antiVEGF que no pueden considerarse directamente comparables. Por lo tanto, no se realizó ningún metanálisis. Las pruebas de estos ensayos y de otras series de casos no aleatorias se resumen en esta revisión.

Conclusiones de los autores

El ranibizumab y el pegaptanib de sodio parecieron prometedores para el tratamiento a corto plazo de la OVCREM no isquémica. Sin embargo, todavía no están disponibles los datos de la efectividad y la seguridad de los ECA más amplios con seguimientos mayores de seis meses. No hay datos de ECA sobre los agentes antiVEGF para la OVCREM isquémica. Por lo tanto, el uso de agentes antiVEGF para tratar este trastorno sigue siendo experimental.

Traducción

Traducción realizada por el Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano

 

摘要

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen
  5. 摘要

背景

以抗血管內皮生長因子治療視網膜中心靜脈阻塞引起之黃斑部水腫

視網膜中央靜脈阻塞 (CRVO) 為常見的視網膜血管病變,隨後會發展成黃斑部水腫 (ME) ,而造成視力下降。大多數CRVOME病患的視力預後較差,尤其是缺血性亞型病患,而目前尚無證明有效的治療方法。黃斑部柵狀雷射治療效果不彰,而最近有些隨機對照試驗 (RCTs) 提出玻璃體注射類固醇治療可短期改善非缺血性CRVOME病患視力,但缺血性CRVOME的治療方法還尚未建立。抗血管內皮生長因子 (antiVEGF) 藥物已被用來治療其他不同病因引起的黃斑部水腫,或許可以成為治療CRVOME的一種治療的選項。

目標

評估玻璃體注射抗血管內皮生長因子藥物治療CRVOME的效果與安全性。

搜尋策略

我們搜尋了Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (其中包含Cochrane Eyes和Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 8) 、MEDLINE (1950年1月至2010年8月) 、EMBASE (1980年1月至2010年8月) 、Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (1982年1月至2010年8月) 、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1937年1月至2010年8月) 、OpenSIGLE (1950年1月至2010年8月) 、metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled  trials.com) 和ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) 。參考的資料沒有受限於語言或日期。電子資料庫最後一次檢索是在2010年8月10日。

選擇標準

我們考量玻璃體注射抗血管內皮生長因子不同劑量或作用期間與假注射或無治療來進行比較的隨機對照試驗。我們的目標為納入單側或雙側患病的任何年齡或性別的患者作為研究對象,並至少追蹤六個月。其次,我們考量具有相同標準的非隨機研究,然而我們並未進行另一次獨立的電子檢索以搜尋相關的非隨機研究。

資料收集與分析

這篇回顧報告的兩位作者獨立地評估試驗的品質和擷取數據。

主要結論

在經由獨立與重複回顧檢索結果後,我們發現有兩個隨機對照試驗符合納入的標準。但這些隨機對照研究是利用不同的抗血管內皮生長因子藥物,故不能用來做直接地比較。因此,我們沒有執行整合性分析 (metaanalysis) 。這篇回顧報告總結這些試驗所提供的證據和其他非隨機病例結果。

作者結論

證據顯示Ranibizumab和pegaptanib sodium對治療非缺血性CRVOME有短期效果。然而,較大型的隨機對照實驗中沒有提供追蹤六個月以上治療效果和安全性的相關資料。沒有以抗血管內皮生長因子藥物治療缺血性CRVOME的隨機對照實驗資料。因此使用抗血管內皮生長因子藥物來治療此種疾病,目前仍在實驗階段。

翻譯人

本摘要由吳曉玲翻譯。

此翻譯計畫由臺灣國家衛生研究院 (National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan) 統籌。

總結

以抗血管內皮生長因子治療視網膜中心靜脈阻塞引起之黃斑部水腫:每一千個人中就有一至四個人隨時會受到視網膜中央靜脈阻塞 (CRVO) 所困擾,它和年齡的老化、高血壓、糖尿病,青光眼及血液疾病有相關。它常會導致突發且無痛性的單眼視力減退,雖然有時視力減退程度很小。如果靜脈阻塞導致敏感的視網膜組織氧氣供應不足,此種CRVO就被認為是 ‘非灌注’ 或 ‘缺血性’ 的亞型。最常見的是靜脈阻塞後的血流量和氧氣輸送能恢復,此種CRVO就是 ‘再灌注’ 或 ‘非缺血性’ 的亞型,而此種亞型可恢復到較好的視力。在幾小時、幾天、幾週或幾個月中它可能發生各式各樣的併發症。這些併發症包括黃斑部水腫 (ME) ,其體液會堆積在視網膜內,造成視力減退。直到最近,也沒有一個有證據基礎能提供有效的治療方法,許多可能有效的治療方法,包括雷射,此已被認為是無效的。最近的研究顯示,類固醇在眼睛以注射或植入物方式給予或許可短期治療灌注亞型的病患。然而,類固醇有明顯的副作用,目前還沒有證據顯示,其效果是持續的或對於CRVO的非灌注亞型病人是有效的。抗血管內皮生長因子 (antiVEGF) 藥物已成功地用於治療其他視網膜血管疾病,包括許多造成ME的狀況。雖以抗血管內皮生長因子治療灌注亞型CRVOME的病患,似乎可改善大部分患者的視力,但目前還沒有文獻有良好設計的研究及足夠的追蹤時間以提供中期和長期的效果和安全性報告。強烈地期盼更多試驗能提供追蹤超過一年的結果,所以使用抗血管內皮生長因子藥物來治療CRVOME,目前依然是在實驗階段。