Intervention Review

Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery

  1. Willem R Spanjersberg1,*,
  2. Jurrian Reurings2,
  3. Frederik Keus1,
  4. Cornelis JHM van Laarhoven1

Editorial Group: Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group

Published Online: 16 FEB 2011

Assessed as up-to-date: 3 JAN 2011

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007635.pub2

How to Cite

Spanjersberg WR, Reurings J, Keus F, van Laarhoven CJHM. Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD007635. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007635.pub2.

Author Information

  1. 1

    Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Nijmegen, Netherlands

  2. 2

    St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Department of Surgery, Tilburg, Netherlands

*Willem R Spanjersberg, Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, Netherlands. w.r.spanjersberg@gmail.com.

Publication History

  1. Publication Status: New
  2. Published Online: 16 FEB 2011

SEARCH

 

Abstract

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen

Background

In recent years the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) postoperative pathway in (ileo-)colorectal surgery, aiming at improving perioperative care and decreasing postoperative complications, has become more common.

Objectives

We investigated the effectiveness and safety of the ERAS multimodal strategy, compared to conventional care after (ileo-)colorectal surgery. The primary research question was whether ERAS protocols lead to less morbidity and secondary whether length of stay was reduced.

Search methods

To answer the research question we entered search strings containing keywords like "fast track", "colorectal and surgery" and "enhanced recovery" into major databases. We also hand searched references in identified reviews concerning ERAS.

Selection criteria

We included published randomised clinical trials, in any language, comparing ERAS to conventional treatment in patients with (ileo-) colorectal disease requiring a resection. RCT's including at least 7 ERAS items in the ERAS group and no more than 2 in the conventional arm were included.

Data collection and analysis

Data of included trials were independently extracted by the reviewers. Analyses were performed using "REVMAN 5.0.22". Data were pooled and rate differences as well as weighted mean differences with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using either fixed or random effects models, depending on heterogeneity (I2).

Main results

4 RCTs were included and analysed. Methodological quality of included studies was considered low, when scored according to GRADE methodology. Total numbers of inclusion were limited. The trials included in primary analysis reported 237 patients, (119 ERAS vs 118 conventional). Baseline characteristics were comparable. The primary outcome measure, complications, showed a significant risk reduction for all complications (RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.72). This difference was not due to reduction in major complications. Length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the ERAS group (MD -2.94 days; 95% CI -3.69 to -2.19), and readmission rates were equal in both groups. Other outcome parameters were unsuitable for meta-analysis, but seemed to favour ERAS.

Authors' conclusions

The quantity and especially quality of data are low. Analysis shows a reduction in overall complications, but major complications were not reduced. Length of stay was reduced significantly. We state that ERAS seems safe, but the quality of trials and lack of sufficient other outcome parameters do not justify implementation of ERAS as the standard of care. Within ERAS protocols included, no answer regarding the role for minimally invasive surgery (i.e. laparoscopy) was found. Furthermore, protocol compliance within ERAS programs has not been investigated, while this seems a known problem in the field. Therefore, more specific and large RCT's are needed.

 

Plain language summary

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen

Fast track surgery versus conventional recovery strategies for colorectal surgery

Conventionally, recuperation after bowel surgery followed the patients progress. Mobilisation and expansion of diet after surgery was progressed slowly in a stepwise manner following patients progression. This is because it was believed that faster recovery would be unwise. In recent years, however, a new concept has been introduced, called Enhanced Recovery after surgery (ERAS) or fast track. This program, introduced by Kehlet et al, is based on the principle that reducing the body's stress response after surgery reduces the time needed to recuperate. This is achieved by interventions around the operation, involving good information, better feeding before the operation and better pain treatment, so patients can get out of bed earlier and start a normal diet earlier and thereby reducing the risk of complications. This review investigated whether this intervention is safe and whether it is more effective than the traditional treatment. In order to answer this question, 4 randomised trials were found, comparing these two interventions. We found that ERAS can be viewed as safe, i.e. not resulting in more complications or deaths, and at the same time decreases the days spent in hospital following major bowel surgery. However, the data are of low quality and therefore does not justify implementation of ERAS as the standard method of care yet. More research on other outcome parameters like economical evaluation and quality of life parameters are necessary.

 

Resumen

  1. Top of page
  2. Abstract
  3. Plain language summary
  4. Resumen

Antecedentes

Cirugía de tránsito rápido versus estrategias de recuperación convencionales para la cirugía colorrectal

En años recientes, se ha aplicado con más frecuencia la alternativa posoperatoria de recuperación mejorada después de una cirugía (RMDC) para la cirugía (ileo)colorrectal, que tiene como finalidad mejorar la atención perioperatoria y reducir las complicaciones posoperatorias.

Objetivos

Investigar la efectividad y la seguridad de la estrategia multimodal de RMDC, en comparación con la atención convencional después de la cirugía (ileo)colorrectal. La pregunta principal de investigación fue si los protocolos de RMDC dan lugar a menos morbilidad y, en segundo lugar, si se redujo la estancia hospitalaria.

Estrategia de búsqueda

Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, se introdujeron cadenas de búsqueda que contenían palabras clave como “tránsito rápido”, “colorrectal y cirugía” y “recuperación mejorada” en las principales bases de datos. También realizaron búsquedas manuales en las listas de referencias de las revisiones de RMDC identificadas.

Criterios de selección

Se incluyeron los ensayos clínicos aleatorios publicados, en cualquier idioma, que comparaban la RMDC con el tratamiento convencional en pacientes con enfermedades (ileo)colorrectales que requerían una resección. Se incluyeron los ECA que contenían al menos siete ítems de RMDC en el grupo de RMDC y no más de dos en el brazo convencional.

Obtención y análisis de los datos

Los revisores extrajeron los datos de los ensayos incluidos de forma independiente. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando “REVMAN 5.0.22”. Se agruparon los datos y las diferencias de tasas al igual que las diferencias de medias ponderadas con sus intervalos de confianza del 95% se calcularon mediante modelos de efectos fijos o aleatorios, según la heterogeneidad (I2).

Resultados principales

Se incluyeron y analizaron cuatro ECA. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se consideró baja, al ser evaluada de acuerdo con la metodología GRADE. El número total de pacientes incluidos fue limitado. Los ensayos incluidos en el análisis primario informaron los resultados de 237 pacientes, (119 RMDC versus 118 tratamiento convencional). Las características iniciales eran comparables. La medida de resultado primaria, las complicaciones, mostró una reducción significativa de los riesgos de todas las complicaciones (RR 0,50; IC del 95%: 0,35 a 0,72). Esta diferencia no se debió a la reducción de las complicaciones graves. Hubo una reducción significativa de la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en los grupos de RMDC (DM −2,94 días; IC del 95%: −3,69 a −2,19) y las tasas de readmisión fueron iguales en ambos grupos. Otros parámetros de resultado fueron no apropiados para el metanálisis, pero parecen favorecer la RMDC.

Conclusiones de los autores

La cantidad y especialmente la calidad de los datos son bajas. El análisis revela una reducción de las complicaciones generales, pero las complicaciones graves no se redujeron. La duración de la estancia se redujo significativamente. Los revisores afirman que la RMDC parece segura, pero la calidad de los ensayos y la falta de suficientes parámetros de resultado no justifican la implementación de la RMDC como atención estándar. Dentro de los protocolos de RMDC incluidos, no se hallaron respuestas con respecto al papel de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva (es decir, la laparoscopia). Además, no se ha investigado el cumplimiento de los protocolos en los programas de RMDC, aunque parece ser un problema conocido en este campo. Por lo tanto, se necesitan ECA más específicos y amplios.

Traducción

Traducción realizada por el Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano