Intervention Review
Cilostazol versus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke of arterial origin
Editorial Group: Cochrane Stroke Group
Published Online: 19 JAN 2011
Assessed as up-to-date: 13 JUL 2011
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008076.pub2
Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Database Title
Additional Information
How to Cite
Kamal AK, Naqvi I, Husain MR, Khealani BA. Cilostazol versus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular events after stroke of arterial origin. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD008076. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008076.pub2.
Publication History
- Publication Status: Edited (no change to conclusions)
- Published Online: 19 JAN 2011
Abstract
Background
Aspirin is widely used for secondary prevention after stroke. Cilostazol has shown promise as an alternative to aspirin in Asian people with stroke.
Objectives
To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of cilostazol compared directly with aspirin in the prevention of stroke and other serious vascular events in patients at high vascular risk for subsequent stroke, those with previous transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke of arterial origin.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched September 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 4), MEDLINE (1950 to May 2010) and EMBASE (1980 to May 2010). In an effort to identify further published, ongoing and unpublished studies we searched journals, conference proceedings and ongoing trial registers, scanned reference lists from relevant studies and contacted trialists and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.
Selection criteria
We selected all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cilostazol with aspirin where participants were treated for at least one month and followed systematically for development of vascular events.
Data collection and analysis
Data extracted from eligible studies included: (1) a composite outcome of vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction or vascular death) during follow up (primary outcome); (2) separate outcomes of stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic, fatal or non-fatal), myocardial infarction (MI) (fatal or non-fatal), vascular death and death from all causes; and (3) main outcomes of safety including any intracranial, extracranial or gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage and other outcomes during treatment follow up (secondary outcomes). We computed an estimate of treatment effect and performed a test for heterogeneity between trials. We analysed data on an intention-to-treat basis and assessed bias for all included studies.
Main results
We included two RCTs with 3477 Asian participants. Compared with aspirin, cilostazol was associated with a significantly lower risk of composite outcome of vascular events (6.77% versus 9.39%, risk ratio (RR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 0.91), and lower risk of haemorrhagic stroke (0.53% versus 2.01%, RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.55). In terms of outcome of safety compared with aspirin, cilostazol was significantly associated with minor adverse effects (8.22% versus 4.95%, RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.83).
Authors' conclusions
Cilostazol is more effective than aspirin in the prevention of vascular events secondary to stroke. Cilostazol has more minor adverse effects, although there is evidence of fewer bleeds.
Plain language summary
Cilostazol versus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular events after a stroke of arterial origin
Stroke is a public health problem. As lower and middle income countries make rapid economic progress they face the additional health burden of diseases of affluence like stroke and heart attacks. Unlike heart attack, stroke is a disease caused by more than one mechanism. In Asians, a larger proportion of ischaemic stroke is due to narrowing of the arteries at the base of the brain. Compared to Caucasians, Asians are more likely to have bleeds into their brain matter causing stroke, because of uncontrolled high blood pressure. The medication cilostazol thins the blood by blocking platelet accumulation and appears, from early reports, to be more effective than aspirin in the prevention of stroke, heart attacks and death from vascular causes in patients with stroke. This may be due to its inherent effectiveness, as well as chances of fewer brain bleeds. In this review of two randomised trials involving 3477 participants, we found that cilostazol was more effective for the prevention of stroke, heart attack and death from vascular causes in Asian patients with stroke. In terms of safety, it causes more side effects than aspirin but less serious bleeding in the brain and the body.
Resumen
Antecedentes
Cilostazol versus aspirina para la prevención secundaria de los eventos vasculares después del accidente cerebrovascular de origen arterial
La aspirina se usa ampliamente para la prevención secundaria después del accidente cerebrovascular. El cilostazol ha demostrado ser una opción alternativa de la aspirina en pacientes asiáticos con accidente cerebrovascular.
Objetivos
Determinar la efectividad y la seguridad relativas del cilostazol comparado directamente con la aspirina para la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular y otros eventos vasculares graves en los pacientes con alto riesgo vascular de un accidente cerebrovascular posterior, los pacientes que tuvieron un accidente isquémico transitorio o los que tuvieron un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico de origen arterial.
Estrategia de búsqueda
Se realizaron búsquedas en el Registro de Ensayos del Grupo Cochrane de Accidentes Cerebrovasculares (Cochrane Stroke Group) (última búsqueda septiembre 2010), Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2009, número 4), MEDLINE (1950 hasta mayo 2010) y en EMBASE (1980 hasta mayo 2010). Con la finalidad de identificar estudios en curso, publicados y no publicados adicionales, se realizaron búsquedas en revistas, actas de congresos y registros de ensayos en curso, y en las listas de referencias de los artículos relevantes y se estableció contacto con los investigadores y con Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.
Criterios de selección
Se seleccionaron todos los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que compararon el cilostazol con la aspirina, en los que los participantes recibieron tratamiento durante al menos un mes y seguimiento sistemático del desarrollo de eventos vasculares.
Obtención y análisis de los datos
Los datos extraídos de los estudios elegibles incluyeron: (1) un resultado compuesto de eventos vasculares (accidente cerebrovascular, infarto de miocardio o muerte vascular) durante el seguimiento (resultado primario); (2) resultados separados de accidente cerebrovascular (isquémico o hemorrágico, mortal o no mortal), infarto de miocardio (mortal o no mortal), muerte vascular y muerte por todas las causas; y (3) loa resultados principales de seguridad, incluida cualquier hemorragia endocraneal, extracraneal o del aparato digestivo y otros resultados durante el seguimiento del tratamiento (resultados secundarios). Se calculó una estimación del efecto del tratamiento y se realizó una prueba de heterogeneidad entre los ensayos. Los datos se analizaron por intención de tratar y se evaluó el sesgo de todos los estudios incluidos.
Resultados principales
Se incluyeron dos ECA con 3477 participantes asiáticos. En comparación con la aspirina, el cilostazol se asoció con un riesgo significativamente menor del resultado compuesto de eventos vasculares (6,77% versus 9,39%, cociente de riesgos [RR] 0,72; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 0,57 a 0,91) y un riesgo menor de accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico (0,53% versus 2,01%, CR 0,26; IC del 95%: 0,13 a 0,55). En cuanto al resultado de seguridad en comparación con la aspirina, el cilostazol se asoció de forma significativa con efectos adversos leves (8,22% versus 4,95%, CR 1,66; IC del 95%: 1,51 a 1,83).
Conclusiones de los autores
El cilostazol es más eficaz que la aspirina para la prevención de los eventos vasculares secundarios al accidente cerebrovascular. El cilostazol presenta más efectos adversos leves, aunque hay pruebas de menos hemorragias.
Traducción
Traducción realizada por el Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano
