Genes and Color

Number and arrangement of the red and green visual pigment genes in color-normal Japanese males

  1. Hisao Ueyama1,*,
  2. Sachiko Hayashi1,
  3. Shoko Tanabe2,
  4. Yuki Tanaka3,
  5. Takaaki Hayashi3,
  6. Samir S. Deeb3,
  7. Shinichi Yamade1,
  8. Iwao Ohkubo1

Article first published online: 27 DEC 2000

DOI: 10.1002/1520-6378(2001)26:1+<::AID-COL19>3.0.CO;2-1

Issue

Color Research & Application

Color Research & Application

Special Issue: The Proceedings of the International Colour Vision Society

Volume 26, Issue S1, pages S84–S88, 2001

Additional Information

How to Cite

Ueyama, H., Hayashi, S., Tanabe, S., Tanaka, Y., Hayashi, T., Deeb, S. S., Yamade, S. and Ohkubo, I. (2001), Number and arrangement of the red and green visual pigment genes in color-normal Japanese males. Color Res. Appl., 26: S84–S88. doi: 10.1002/1520-6378(2001)26:1+<::AID-COL19>3.0.CO;2-1

Author Information

  1. 1

    Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520–2192

  2. 2

    Nagoya Red Cross First Hospital, Nagoya 453–8511, Japan

  3. 3

    Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195

*Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu 520–2192, Japan

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 27 DEC 2000
  2. Article first published online: 27 DEC 2000
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 18 JAN 2000
  4. Manuscript Received: 16 AUG 1999

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Keywords:

  • color vision;
  • cone pigment;
  • Japanese;
  • visual pigment genes;
  • X-linked

Abstract

Red and green visual pigment genes were analyzed in color-normal Japanese males. DNA from 121 males was subjected to PCR-amplification for the promoter and exon 5 of these genes, and the products were sequenced with a PRISM 310 genetic analyzer (dye terminator). The number of visual pigment genes in each individual was estimated from the peak-heights of nucleotides on the sequencing electropherograms of the promoter; it was 2 in 46% (n = 56), 3 in 32% (n = 39), 4 in 12% (n = 15), and > 4 in 9% (n = 11) of the subjects. These numbers were similar to the ratios of green:red pigment genes obtained from the analysis of exon 5, suggesting the presence of a single red gene in each subject, except for one, N22. This subject was estimated to have 3 pigment genes: one red, one green, and one green-red hybrid. A more detailed analysis indicated that the first gene in N22 was the typical red one, the second gene was the green, and the third gene was the green-red hybrid. These results suggest that color-normal Japanese males who possess green-red hybrid genes are quite rare (<1%). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S84–S88, 2001

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