Chapter 12. Biocatalysis in Non-conventional Media

  1. Prof. Dr. Andreas Sebastian Bommarius1,
  2. Dr. Bettina R. Riebel2

Published Online: 28 JAN 2005

DOI: 10.1002/3527602364.ch12

Book Title

Biocatalysis

Biocatalysis

Additional Information

How to Cite

Bommarius, A. S. and Riebel, B. R. (2005) Biocatalysis in Non-conventional Media, in Biocatalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG. doi: 10.1002/3527602364.ch12

Author Information

  1. 1

    School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Parker H. Petit Biotechnology Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, N. W. Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA

  2. 2

    Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Publication History

  1. Published Online: 28 JAN 2005
  2. Published Print: 28 JAN 2004

ISBN Information

Print ISBN: 9783527303441

Online ISBN: 9783527602360

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Keywords:

  • biocatalysis in non-conventional media;
  • enzyme memory;
  • activity of enzymes in organic solvents;
  • selectivity of enzymes in organic solvents;
  • neat substrates;
  • acrylamide;
  • acrylonitrile;
  • nitrile hydratase;
  • supercritical solvents;
  • phosphatidylglycerol (PG);
  • medium engineering;
  • serine proteases;
  • regioselectivity;
  • enantiospecificity;
  • nifedipines

Summary

  • Enzymes in Organic Solvents

  • Evidence for the Perceived Advantages of Biocatalysts in Organic Media

    • Advantage 1: Enhancement of Solubility of Reactants

    • Advantage 2: Shift of Equilibria in Organic Media

    • Advantage 3: Easier Separation

    • Advantage 4: Enhanced Stability of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

    • Advantage 5: Altered Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

  • State of Knowledge of Functioning of Enzymes in Solvents

    • Range of Enzymes, Reactions, and Solvents

    • The Importance of Water in Enzyme Reactions in Organic Solvents

    • Physical Organic Chemistry of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

    • Correlation of Enzyme Performance with Solvent Parameters

  • Optimal Handling of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

    • Enzyme Memory in Organic Solvents

    • Low Activity in Organic Solvents Compared to Water

    • Enhancement of Selectivity of Enzymes in Organic Solvents

  • Novel Reaction Media for Biocatalytic Transformations

    • Substrate as Solvent (Neat Substrates): Acrylamide from Acrylonitrile with Nitrile Hydratase

    • Supercritical Solvents

    • Ionic Liquids

    • Emulsions [Manufacture of Phosphatidylglycerol (PG)]

    • Microemulsions

    • Liquid Crystals

    • Ice–Water Mixtures

    • High-Density Eutectic Suspensions

    • High-Density Salt Suspensions

    • Solid-to-Solid Syntheses

  • Solvent as a Parameter for Reaction Optimization (“Medium Engineering”)

    • Change of Substrate Specificity with Change of ReactionM: Specificity of Serine Proteases

    • Change of Regioselectivity by Organic Solvent Medium

    • Solvent Control of Enantiospecificity of Nifedipines

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