Chapter 7. Application of Enzymes as Catalysts: Basic Chemicals, Fine Chemicals, Food, Crop Protection, Bulk Pharmaceuticals

  1. Prof. Dr. Andreas Sebastian Bommarius1,
  2. Dr. Bettina R. Riebel2

Published Online: 28 JAN 2005

DOI: 10.1002/3527602364.ch7

Book Title

Biocatalysis

Biocatalysis

Additional Information

How to Cite

Bommarius, A. S. and Riebel, B. R. (2005) Application of Enzymes as Catalysts: Basic Chemicals, Fine Chemicals, Food, Crop Protection, Bulk Pharmaceuticals, in Biocatalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG. doi: 10.1002/3527602364.ch7

Author Information

  1. 1

    School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Parker H. Petit Biotechnology Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, N. W. Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA

  2. 2

    Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Publication History

  1. Published Online: 28 JAN 2005
  2. Published Print: 28 JAN 2004

ISBN Information

Print ISBN: 9783527303441

Online ISBN: 9783527602360

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Keywords:

  • enzymes as catalysts;
  • food;
  • crop protection;
  • bulk pharmaceuticals;
  • nitrile hydratase;
  • acrylamide;
  • acrylonitrile;
  • nicotinamide;
  • 3-cyanopyridine;
  • 5-cyanovaleramide;
  • adiponitrile;
  • nitrilase;
  • 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone;
  • 2-methylglutaronitrile;
  • toluene dioxygenase;
  • indigo;
  • prostaglandins;
  • cis-dihydrodiols;
  • oxynitrilase;
  • hydroxy nitrile lyase (HNL);
  • cyanohydrins;
  • aldehydes;
  • chirality;
  • Cahn–Ingold–Prelog;
  • Pfeiffer rules;
  • enantiomerically pure chemicals;
  • HFCS;
  • glucose isomerase (GI);
  • Aspartame;
  • lactose hydrolysis;
  • nutraceuticals;
  • l-carnitine;
  • decarboxylases;
  • beer;
  • herbicides;
  • (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxypropionic acid;
  • transaminases;
  • l-phosphinothricin;
  • (S)-MOIPA;
  • penicillin amidase (PGA, PVA);
  • β-lactam;
  • ephedrine

Summary

  • Enzymes as Catalysts in Processes towards Basic Chemicals

    • Nitrile Hydratase: Acrylamide from Acrylonitrile, Nicotinamide from 3-Cyanopyridine, and 5-Cyanovaleramide from Adiponitrile

    • Nitrilase: 1,5-Dimethyl-2-piperidone from 2-Methylglutaronitrile

    • Toluene Dioxygenase: Indigo or Prostaglandins from Substituted Benzenes via cis-Dihydrodiols

    • Oxynitrilase (Hydroxy Nitrile Lyase, HNL): Cyanohydrins from Aldehydes

  • Enzymes as Catalysts in the Fine Chemicals Industry

    • Chirality, and the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog and Pfeiffer Rules

    • Enantiomerically Pure Amino Acids

    • Enantiomerically Pure Hydroxy Acids, Alcohols, and Amines

  • Enzymes as Catalysts in the Food Industry

    • HFCS with Glucose Isomerase (GI)

    • Aspartame®, Artificial Sweetener through Enzymatic Peptide Synthesis

    • Lactose Hydrolysis

    • “Nutraceuticals”: l-Carnitine as a Nutrient for Athletes and Convalescents (Lonza)

    • Decarboxylases for Improving the Taste of Beer

  • Enzymes as Catalysts towards Crop Protection Chemicals

    • Intermediate for Herbicides: (R)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenoxypropionic acid (BASF, Germany)

    • Applications of Transaminases towards Crop Protection Agents: l-Phosphinothricin and (S)-MOIPA

  • Enzymes for Large-Scale Pharma Intermediates

    • Penicillin G (or V) Amidase (PGA, PVA): β-Lactam Precursors, Semi-synthetic β-Lactams

    • Ephedrine

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