Absolute Pitch: Genetics

Abstract

Absolute pitch (AP) is a cognitive trait characterised by the ability to identify or name the pitch of a musical note or ambient sound without the use of a reference pitch. It is rare in the general population, and relatively uncommon even in musicians. AP displays familial aggregation and has recently been shown to be strongly associated with synaesthesia. Genetic linkage analysis has identified regions on several chromosomes that contain genes involved in both AP and synaesthesia.

Key Concepts:

• Absolute pitch is an example of a discrete and easily measurable cognitive trait that has a strong genetic component.

• Absolute pitch ability is not restricted to musicians.

• Absolute pitch is associated with other distinctive cognitive traits such as synaesthesia.

• The genes for absolute pitch are likely to be involved in brain development and cortical connectivity.

• The elucidation of the genetic basis for absolute pitch will provide insight into general aspects of brain development and biology.