Application of Microinjection to a High Frequency and Synchronous Somatic Embryogenesis System in Carrot Suspension Cultures

Summary

Microinjection is a useful technique both for investigating the mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis (which can be regarded as a model of totipotency) and for obtaining cloned transgenic plants at high frequency. In this paper we report 1) the establishment of a high frequency somatic embryogenesis system from single cells, 2) the establishment of microinjection techniques for single plant cells with cell walls, 3) analysis by microinjection techniques of the mechanisms of totipotency expression, and 4) our attempts to produce cloned transgenic plants using microinjection techniques.