Chapter 7. Error Propagation in Angle and Distance Observations
Published Online: 9 MAR 2010
DOI: 10.1002/9780470586266.ch7
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Book Title
Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis, Fifth Edition
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ghilani, C. D. (2010) Error Propagation in Angle and Distance Observations, in Adjustment Computations: Spatial Data Analysis, Fifth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9780470586266.ch7
Publication History
- Published Online: 9 MAR 2010
- Published Print: 3 MAR 2010
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780470464915
Online ISBN: 9780470586266
- Summary
- Chapter
Keywords:
- error propagation in angle and distance observations;
- error sources in horizontal angles;
- effects of instrument and target setup errors;
- reduced by increasing sight distances;
- errors in reading conventional transits and theodolites;
- instrument-centering errors
Summary
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Error Sources in Horizontal Angles
Reading Errors
Pointing Errors
Estimated Pointing and Reading Errors with Total Stations
Target-Centering Errors
Instrument-Centering Errors
Effects of Leveling Errors in Angle Observations
Numerical Example of Combined Error Propagation in a Single Horizontal Angle
Using Estimated Errors to Check Angular Misclosure in a Traverse
Errors in Astronomical Observations for Azimuth
Errors in Electronic Distance Observations
Software
Problems
Programming Problems