Efflux Pumps of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Genetic Responses to Stress and the Modulation of their Activity by pH, Inhibitors, and Phenothiazines

  1. Eric J. Toone
  1. Leonard Amaral1,
  2. Seamus Fanning2,
  3. Jean-Marie Pagès3

Published Online: 23 FEB 2011

DOI: 10.1002/9780470920541.ch2

Book Title

Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology

Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology

Additional Information

How to Cite

Amaral, L., Fanning, S. and Pagès, J.-M. (2011) Efflux Pumps of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Genetic Responses to Stress and the Modulation of their Activity by pH, Inhibitors, and Phenothiazines, in Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology (ed E. J. Toone), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9780470920541.ch2

Editor Information

  1. Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

Author Information

  1. 1

    Unit of Mycobacteriology, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

  2. 2

    Centre for Food Safety, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

  3. 3

    UMR-MD-1, IFR88, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France

Publication History

  1. Published Online: 23 FEB 2011
  2. Published Print: 11 APR 2011

ISBN Information

Print ISBN: 9780470638354

Online ISBN: 9780470920541

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CHAPTER TOOLS

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Keywords:

  • efflux pumps of gram-negative bacteria - genetic responses to stress, activity modulation by pH, inhibitors and phenothiazines;
  • genetic control and efflux pump response - to environmental stress, challenges in study of infectious disease, identification of specific elements;
  • target gene mutations, and increased efflux pump expression - in quinolone-resistant isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis

Summary

This chapter contains sections titled:

  • Introduction to an RND Efflux Pump and Its Mode of Action

  • Genetic Control and Response of Efflux Pumps to Environmental Stress

  • Efflux Pumps: Selection, Advantages, and Fitness Cost

  • Sensor-Dosage Hypothesis

  • Mar, Ram, Sox, and Rob: Redundancy and Overlapping Control

  • Inducing In Vitro MDR: Genes Involved and Simulation in the Infected Patient

  • Inhibitors of Efflux Pumps

  • Target Gene Mutations and Increased Efflux Pump Expression in Quinolone-Resistant Isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis

  • Regulation of Efflux Pump Activity in Salmonella

  • Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Isolates and Selection for FQ Resistance

  • Choosing a Regulatory Pathway

  • Fitness Costs Associated with the Overexpression of AcrAB in Salmonella

  • Clues from Transcriptomics Assays

  • DNA Supercoiling

  • Efflux of Metabolites Other Than Antimicrobial Compounds

  • Restoration of Fitness

  • Celluler Energy Requirements to Support an Overexpressed AcrB

  • Conclusions

  • Acknowledgements

  • References

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