7. Applying the Redundancy Principle: Explain Visuals with Words in Audio OR Text: Not Both
Published Online: 4 JAN 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9781118255971.ch7
Copyright © 2008, 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Book Title
e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning, Third Edition
Additional Information
How to Cite
Clark, R. C. and Mayer, R. E. (2011) Applying the Redundancy Principle: Explain Visuals with Words in Audio OR Text: Not Both, in e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning, Third Edition, Pfeiffer, San Francisco, CA, USA. doi: 10.1002/9781118255971.ch7
Publication History
- Published Online: 4 JAN 2012
- Published Print: 1 AUG 2011
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780470874301
Online ISBN: 9781118255971
- Summary
- Chapter
- References
Keywords:
- on-screen text;
- narrated graphics;
- redundant on-screen text;
- redundancy principle;
- psychological reason
Summary
This chapter contains sections titled:
Redundancy Principle 1: Do Not Add On-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics
Psychological Reasons for the Redundancy Principle
Evidence for Omitting Redundant On-Screen Text
Redundancy Principle 2: Consider Adding On-Screen Text to Narration in Special Situations
Psychological Reasons for Exceptions to the Redundancy Principle
Evidence for Including Redundant On-Screen Text
What We Don't Know About Redundancy