16. Recombinant Avipoxviruses
- W. John W. Morrow PhD, DSc, FRCPath2,
- Nadeem A. Sheikh PhD3,
- Clint S. Schmidt PhD4,
- D. Huw Davies PhD5
Published Online: 20 JUN 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9781118345313.ch16
Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Book Title
Vaccinology: Principles and Practice
Additional Information
How to Cite
Skinner, M. A. and Laidlaw, S. M. (2012) Recombinant Avipoxviruses, in Vaccinology: Principles and Practice (eds W. J. W. Morrow, N. A. Sheikh, C. S. Schmidt and D. H. Davies), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781118345313.ch16
Editor Information
- 2
Seattle, WA, USA
- 3
Dendreon Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
- 4
NovaDigm Therapeutics, Inc., Grand Forks, ND, USA
- 5
University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Publication History
- Published Online: 20 JUN 2012
- Published Print: 3 AUG 2012
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9781405185745
Online ISBN: 9781118345313
- Summary
- Chapter
- References
Keywords:
- fowlpox;
- canarypox;
- recombinant;
- vectors;
- vaccines;
- immunomodulators;
- cytokines;
- interferon
Summary
Members of the avipoxvirus genus represent a diverse group of relatively undefined poxviruses, well diverged from the better-understood mammalian poxviruses. Relying heavily on approaches developed for vaccinia virus, fowlpox virus was developed as a live recombinant vaccine vector for use in poultry. Causing disease only in birds, it is nevertheless able to infect mammalian cells, express proteins, and induce immune responses, both humoral and cellular, which may in some circumstances be protective (features shared with another member of the genus, canarypox virus). Blocked during morphogenesis (or before) in mammalian cells, they have an extremely high safety profile as live recombinant vaccine vectors for use in humans and other mammals, as demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. Relatively low potency has been addressed by using prime-boost regimes and by co-expression of host cytokines or co-stimulators. New-generation vectors may involve deletion of avipoxvirus immunomodulators to improve efficacy safely.