31. HIV Infection
- John T. Queenan MD2,
- Catherine Y. Spong MD3,
- Charles J. Lockwood MD4
Published Online: 4 JAN 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9781119963783.ch31
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd
Book Title
Queenan's Management of High-Risk Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based Approach, Sixth Edition
Additional Information
How to Cite
Minkoff, H. L. (2012) HIV Infection, in Queenan's Management of High-Risk Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based Approach, Sixth Edition (eds J. T. Queenan, C. Y. Spong and C. J. Lockwood), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781119963783.ch31
Editor Information
- 2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- 3
Bethesda, MD, USA
- 4
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Publication History
- Published Online: 4 JAN 2012
- Published Print: 24 FEB 2012
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780470655764
Online ISBN: 9781119963783
- Summary
- Chapter
- References
Keywords:
- HIV infection;
- HIV epidemic, epidemiology and pathophysiology;
- care of HIV-infected women;
- identifying the infected, reducing HIV and drug toxicity;
- ACOG, and “opt-out” process, HIV testing “routinized”;
- antigen detection from virus itself;
- ELISA confirmed by Western blot, antibodies to virus in sera;
- posttest counseling of seropositive women;
- antiretroviral drug use, in pregnant HIV-infected women;
- HIV-infected women care, controversial areas of law, ethics
Summary
The HIV epidemic is now 30 years old, with well-defined epidemiology and pathophysiology, and with many effective therapeutic regimens available for use. However, the epidemic is far from contained. In many parts of the world, most notably sub-Saharan Africa where about 90% of the world's 500,000 infected infants are born annually, the disease continues to exact a frightening toll. There are cities in the US (e.g. Washington, DC) where the prevalence rivals that seen in several endemic countries. An increasing nimber of infected individuals are women, the overwhelming majority of whom are of reproductive age. Thus, obstetricians worldwide continue to play a pivotal role. While the care of HIV-infected women is more successful than ever and the rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV are lower than ever (at least in communities with access to therapy), management is also more complex than ever. This chapter is designed to provide guidance to the obstetrician who must identify and treat infected women, and act to reduce rates of HIV transmission and drug toxicity while optimizing pregnant women's health.