9. Disorders of Calcium and Bone Metabolism
Published Online: 23 FEB 2012
DOI: 10.1002/9781119968153.ch9
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Book Title
Handbook of Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology, Second Edition
Additional Information
How to Cite
Brook, C. G. D. and Dattani, M. T. (2012) Disorders of Calcium and Bone Metabolism, in Handbook of Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology, Second Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781119968153.ch9
Publication History
- Published Online: 23 FEB 2012
- Published Print: 13 APR 2012
ISBN Information
Print ISBN: 9780470657881
Online ISBN: 9781119968153
- Summary
- Chapter
Keywords:
- Albright hereditary osteodystrophy;
- bisphosphonates;
- bone metabolism;
- calcitonin;
- calcium;
- collagen;
- hypercalcemia;
- hyperparathyroidism;
- hypocalcemia;
- hypoparathyroidism;
- magnesium;
- metabolic bone disease;
- multiple endocrine neoplasia;
- osteoporosis;
- parathyroid hormone;
- phosphorus;
- pseudohypoparathyroidism;
- rickets;
- vitamin D
Summary
Calcium metabolism is complicated and disorders of calcium are rare. They are often given short shrift in pediatric textbooks but a simple guide to undertanding the causes, diagnosis and management of these disorders, which have disabling consequences, is given in this chapter. Calcium homeostasis is maintained principally by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Calcium is important for bone and neuromuscular function. Hypocalcemia may be associated with hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone resistance, or causes of rickets. Rickets due to vitamin D deficiency is more common in exclusively breast-fed, dark-skinned infants who do not receive adequate sun exposure or vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and can be life-threatening.