Chapter 3. Activating Enzymes for Use in Organic Solvents

  1. Dr. Giacomo Carrea,
  2. Dr. Sergio Riva
  1. Anne L. Serdakowski1,
  2. Jonathan S. Dordick2

Published Online: 21 FEB 2008

DOI: 10.1002/9783527621729.ch3

Book Title

Organic Synthesis with Enzymes in Non-Aqueous Media

Organic Synthesis with Enzymes in Non-Aqueous Media

Additional Information

How to Cite

Serdakowski, A. L. and Dordick, J. S. (2008) Activating Enzymes for Use in Organic Solvents, in Organic Synthesis with Enzymes in Non-Aqueous Media (eds G. Carrea and S. Riva), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. doi: 10.1002/9783527621729.ch3

Editor Information

  1. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy

Author Information

  1. 1

    Abbott Laboratories, Process Sciences, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA

  2. 2

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA

Publication History

  1. Published Online: 21 FEB 2008
  2. Published Print: 13 FEB 2008

ISBN Information

Print ISBN: 9783527318469

Online ISBN: 9783527621729

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CHAPTER TOOLS

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Keywords:

  • biocatalysis;
  • enzyme activation;
  • organic solvents;
  • nonaqueous media;
  • salt-activated enzymes

Summary

This chapter contains sections titled:

  • Introduction

  • Water – A Unique and Necessary Solvent for Enzymatic Catalysis

    • Challenges for Enzymatic Catalysis in Water

    • Enzymes do Function Without Water as a Bulk Solvent – Lessons from Extreme Halophiles

    • Behavior of Enzymes in the Absence of Bulk Water

    • Removing Water from Enzymes – the Effect of Lyophilization on Enzyme Structure and Function

  • Enzyme Activation in Nonaqueous Media

    • Addition of Water and Water Mimics

    • Immobilization

    • Solid-State Buffers

    • Lyophilization in the Presence of Excipients

      • Polymers

      • Crown Ethers and Cyclodextrins

  • Salt-Activated Enzymes

    • Salt Activation is not due to a Relaxation of Diffusional Limitations

    • Mechanism of Salt Activation

    • The Structural and Molecular Dynamics of Salt Activation

  • Conclusions

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