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Original Article
Pain Severity and Neuropathic Pain symptoms in primary Sjogren's syndrome: A comparison study of seropositive and seronegative Sjogren's syndrome.
DOI: 10.1002/acr.21956
Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology
Additional Information
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Publication History
- Accepted manuscript online: 17 JAN 2013 03:41PM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 7 JAN 2013
- Manuscript Revised: 23 NOV 2012
- Manuscript Received: 8 JUN 2012
- Abstract
- Cited By
Abstract
Objectives:
To compare clinical characteristics and patient-reported outcomes in seropositive versus seronegative primary Sjogren's syndrome patients (pSS) and to investigate the effect of serological status on the prevalence of chronic pain, comorbidity and health quality.
Methods:
Pain severity and neuropathic pain symptoms, comorbidity and health status were assessed in 108 pSS patients. Differences between patient groups were assessed by t-test and chi-square tests and adjusted pain-affect associations. The effect of predictor variables on pain severity was examined with multivariate regression.
Results:
Pain severity was greater (p=.003) and physical function (p=.023) reduced in the seronegative patients. Prevalence of neuropathic pain, depression, anxiety and disability were similar between groups. Chronic pain, defined as daily pain for greater than 3 months, was reported by 65% of seropositive (N=65) and 75% of seronegative patients (N=40). After adjustment for age, sleep quality and psychological distress, the difference in pain severity between seropositive and seronegative patients remained significant.
Conclusion:
Chronic pain is pervasive in both seropositive and seronegative pSS patients, while pain severity and functional impairment is greater in seronegative patients. Neuropathic pain is equally prevalent and is the predominant pain phenotype in patients with moderate to severe pain. Accurate assessment of pain phenotypes is needed for more effective management of chronic pain in pSS. The focus of future research should be to standardize assessment of pain and to identify the factors contributing to more severe pain in seronegative patients.