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Oriented Growth of Al2O3:ZnO Nanolaminates for Use as Electron-Selective Electrodes in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells

  1. Hyeunseok Cheun1,
  2. Canek Fuentes-Hernandez1,
  3. Jaewon Shim1,
  4. Yunnan Fang2,
  5. Ye Cai2,
  6. Hong Li3,
  7. Ajaya K. Sigdel4,
  8. Jens Meyer5,
  9. Julia Maibach5,
  10. Amir Dindar1,
  11. Yinhua Zhou1,
  12. Joseph J. Berry4,
  13. Jean-Luc Bredas3,
  14. Antoine Kahn5,
  15. Kenneth H. Sandhage2,
  16. Bernard Kippelen1,*

Article first published online: 1 FEB 2012

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102968

Issue

Advanced Functional Materials

Advanced Functional Materials

Volume 22, Issue 7, pages 1531–1538, April 10, 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Cheun, H., Fuentes-Hernandez, C., Shim, J., Fang, Y., Cai, Y., Li, H., Sigdel, A. K., Meyer, J., Maibach, J., Dindar, A., Zhou, Y., Berry, J. J., Bredas, J.-L., Kahn, A., Sandhage, K. H. and Kippelen, B. (2012), Oriented Growth of Al2O3:ZnO Nanolaminates for Use as Electron-Selective Electrodes in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 22: 1531–1538. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201102968

Author Information

  1. 1

    Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  2. 2

    Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  3. 3

    Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

  4. 4

    National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

  5. 5

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

*Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 4 APR 2012
  2. Article first published online: 1 FEB 2012
  3. Manuscript Received: 7 DEC 2011

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Keywords:

  • Al2O3:ZnO nanolaminates;
  • atomic layer deposition;
  • inverted organic solar cells;
  • oriented growth

Abstract

Atomic layer deposition is used to synthesize Al2O3:ZnO(1:x) nanolaminates with the number of deposition cycles, x, ranging from 5 to 30 for evaluation as optically transparent, electron-selective electrodes in polymer-based inverted solar cells. Al2O3:ZnO(1:20) nanolaminates are found to exhibit the highest values of electrical conductivity (1.2 × 103 S cm−1; more than six times higher than for neat ZnO films), while retaining a high optical transmittance (≥80% in the visible region) and a low work function (4.0 eV). Such attractive performance is attributed to the structure (ZnO crystal size and crystal alignment) and doping level of this intermediate Al2O3:ZnO film composition. Polymer-based inverted solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixtures in the active layer and Al2O3:ZnO(1:20) nanolaminates as transparent electron-selective electrodes exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 3% under simulated AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm−2 illumination.

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