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Biosensors: Control of Nanoscale Environment to Improve Stability of Immobilized Proteins on Diamond Surfaces (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011)

  1. Adarsh D. Radadia1,
  2. Courtney J. Stavis4,
  3. Rogan Carr3,
  4. Hongjun Zeng5,
  5. William P. King2,
  6. John A. Carlisle5,
  7. Aleksei Aksimentiev3,
  8. Robert J. Hamers4,*,
  9. Rashid Bashir1,*

Article first published online: 18 MAR 2011

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201190011

Issue

Advanced Functional Materials

Advanced Functional Materials

Volume 21, Issue 6, page 1008, March 22, 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

Radadia, A. D., Stavis, C. J., Carr, R., Zeng, H., King, W. P., Carlisle, J. A., Aksimentiev, A., Hamers, R. J. and Bashir, R. (2011), Biosensors: Control of Nanoscale Environment to Improve Stability of Immobilized Proteins on Diamond Surfaces (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011). Advanced Functional Materials, 21: 1008. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201190011

Author Information

  1. 1

    Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA

  2. 2

    Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA

  3. 3

    Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

  4. 4

    Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA

  5. 5

    Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc, Romeoville, IL 60446, USA

*Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 18 MAR 2011
  2. Article first published online: 18 MAR 2011

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Keywords:

  • diamond thin films;
  • biofunctionalized diamond;
  • diamond biosensors;
  • ultrananocrystalline diamond;
  • proteins

Graphical Abstract

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Immunoassays for the detection of bacterial pathogens rely on the selectivity and stability of biorecognition elements, such as antibodies tethered to sensor surfaces. on page 1040, Robert J. Hamers, Rashid Bashir, and co-workers show that covalent linking of antibodies to diamond surfaces leads to substantial improvements in the biological activity of proteins. The results can be easily extended to the functionalization of micro- and nanodi-mensional sensors and structures of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic interest.

Abstract

Immunoassays for detection of bacterial pathogens rely on the selectivity and stability of bio-recognition elements such as antibodies tethered to sensor surfaces. The search for novel surfaces that improve the stability of biomolecules and assay performance has been pursued for a long time. However, the anticipated improvements in stability have not been realized in practice under physiological conditions because the surface functionalization layers on commonly used substrates, silica and gold, are themselves unstable on time scales of days. In this paper, we show that covalent linking of antibodies to diamond surfaces leads to substantial improvements in biological activity of proteins as measured by the ability to selectively capture cells of the pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 even after exposure to buffer solutions at 37 ºC for extended periods of time, approaching 2 weeks. Our results from ELISA, XPS, fluorescence microscopy, and MD simulations suggest that by using highly stable surface chemistry and controlling the nanoscale organization of the antibodies on the surface, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in biological activity and stability. Our findings can be easily extended to functionalization of micro and nanodimensional sensors and structures of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic interest.

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