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Keywords:

  • fullerenes;
  • heterojunctions;
  • self-organization;
  • solar cells;
  • thin films

Graphical Abstract

Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

A fullerene derivative with a fluorocarbon chain is applied in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (see figure). When a small amount of F-PCBM is mixed in, it spontaneously migrates to the surface of the organic layer during spin-casting owing to the low surface energy of the fluorocarbon. A very thin buffer layer between the polymer and the metal electrode is formed in one step, resulting in improved photovoltaic performance.