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Keywords:

  • carbon nanoparticles;
  • graphite;
  • interstitials;
  • diffusion;
  • electron microscopy
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Carbon onions can be set in a state of heavy self-compression when irradiated with an electron beam. Annealing at high temperature relaxes the structure by an exchange of atoms between the shells. This gives us the possibility tostudy atom jumps quantitatively.