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Keywords:

  • organic photovoltaics;
  • bulk heterojunction;
  • spin casting;
  • time-resolved grazing incidence small and wide angle x-ray scattering;
  • in situ spectral reflectometry
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Spin-coating is extensively used in the lab-based manufacture of organic solar cells, including most of the record-setting solution-processed cells. We report the first direct observation of photoactive layer formation as it occurs during spin-coating. The study provides new insight into mechanisms and kinetics of bulk heterojunction formation, which may be crucial for its successful transfer to scalable printing processes.