Original Article
You have free access to this content
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”
Article first published online: 10 NOV 2005
DOI: 10.1002/ana.20703
Copyright © 2005 American Neurological Association
Additional Information
How to Cite
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Edan, G., Filippi, M., Hartung, H.-P., Kappos, L., Lublin, F. D., Metz, L. M., McFarland, H. F., O'Connor, P. W., Sandberg-Wollheim, M., Thompson, A. J., Weinshenker, B. G. and Wolinsky, J. S. (2005), Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”. Ann Neurol., 58: 840–846. doi: 10.1002/ana.20703
Publication History
- Issue published online: 28 NOV 2005
- Article first published online: 10 NOV 2005
- Manuscript Accepted: 3 SEP 2005
- Manuscript Revised: 24 AUG 2005
- Manuscript Received: 29 JUN 2005
Funded by
- US National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Multiple Sclerosis International Federation
- Multiple Sclerosis Society of Ireland
References
- 1, , , et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 121–127.Direct Link:
- 2. Message from the editor. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 1.Direct Link:
- 3, , , et al. Application of the new McDonald criteria to patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 47–53.Direct Link:
- 4CHAMPS Study Group. MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group. Neurology 2002; 59: 998–1005.
- 5, , , et al. Validation of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging criteria for multiple sclerosis and response to interferon beta-1a. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 718–724.Direct Link:
- 6, , , et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. Application in first demyelinating episode. Neurology 2003; 60: 27–30.
- 7, , , et al. New T2 lesions enable an earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndromes. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 673–676.Direct Link:
- 8, , , et al. Spinal cord MRI in clinically isolated optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 1577–1580.
- 9, , , et al. The utility of MRI in suspected MS. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2003; 61: 602–611.
- 10, , , et al. Spinal cord abnormalities in newly diagnosed MS patients: added value of spinal MRI examination. Neurology 2004; 62: 226–233.
- 11, the PROMiSe Study Group. The diagnosis of primary progressive MS. J Neurol Sci 2003; 206: 145–152.
- 12, , . Multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: three years later. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 5–12.
- 13, , , et al. MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis: evaluation in a pediatric cohort. Neurology 2004; 62: 806–808.
- 14, , , et al. Discrepancies in the interpretation of clinical symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of MS: a proposal for standardization. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 227–231.
- 15, , . Diagnosis of MS. In: PatyDW, EbersGC, eds. Multiple sclerosis. Contemporary series; 50. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company, 1998; 55–85.
- 16. The natural history of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin 1995; 13: 119–146.
- 17, , , . The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). Neurology 1999; 53: 1107–1114.
- 18, , , . The natural history of recurrent optic neuritis. Arch Neurol 2004; 61: 1401–1405.
- 19, , , et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 2106–2112.
- 20, , , et al. Comparison of MR imaging criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 2059–2069.
- 21, , , et al. Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 702–706.
- 22, , , . The utility of MRI in suspected MS: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee. Neurology 2004; 63: 1140.
- 23. In-vivo tissue characterization of multiple sclerosis and other white matter diseases using magnetic resonance based techniques. J Neurol 2001; 248: 1019–1029.
- 24, , , et al. Magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor MR imaging of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 267–272.
- 25, , , et al. The early MRI-based diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (McDonald Criteria): a prospective study in an homogeneous cohort of clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2004; 62(suppl 5): A293.
- 26, , , et al. Incidence, manifestations, and prediction of worsening white matter on serial cranial MRI in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2005; 36: 56–61.
- 27, , , et al. MRI in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis: concerted action guidelines. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 683–688.
- 28, , , et al. Standardized MRI protocol for multiple sclerosis: Consortium of MS Centers (CMSC) consensus guidelines. Am J Neuroradiol (In Press).
- 29, , , . How to use spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging in the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS. Ann Neurol 2005; 57: 606–607.Direct Link:
- 30, , , et al. Spinal cord MRI using multi-array coils and fast spin echo. Findings in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1993; 43: 2632–2637.
- 31, , , et al. Differentiation of multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory disorders and cerebrovascular disease: value of spinal MR imaging. Radiology 2002; 223: 46–56.
- 32, , , et al. Spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 555–562.
- 33, , , et al. Multisequence MRI in clinically isolated syndromes and the early development of MS. Neurology 1999; 53: 1184–1190.
- 34, , , et al. Diagnostic criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a position paper. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 831–835.Direct Link:
- 35, , , et al. In vivo assessment of the brain and cervical cord pathology of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 2540–2549.
- 36, , , et al. Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1994; 57: 897–902.
- 37, . Principles of albumin and IgG analysis in neurological disorders. III. Validation of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1977; 37: 397–401.
- 38, , , et al. Recommended standard of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005; 865–870.
- 39. Use of evoked potentials for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clin 1988; 6: 861–880.
- 40HallidayAM, ed. Evoked potentials in clinical testing. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.

1531-8249/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=d36d5ebb3caa1b29d7f078a97c52973b0963daf2)
1531-8249/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=078041b213f6959d63575a593f880457c45116f0)
1531-8249/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=685ec69724c5ed4c8847ce939e70ceb45065856f)