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Original Paper
Electrodynamics of spin currents in superconductors
Article first published online: 14 MAY 2008
DOI: 10.1002/andp.200810298
Copyright © 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
1521-3889/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=294b277cbfffc09eca8e330fc1e2b8eca0869908 "Annalen der Physik")
Additional Information
How to Cite
Hirsch, J. (2008), Electrodynamics of spin currents in superconductors. Annalen der Physik, 17: 380–409. doi: 10.1002/andp.200810298
Publication History
- Issue published online: 13 JUN 2008
- Article first published online: 14 MAY 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 31 MAR 2008
- Manuscript Received: 20 FEB 2008
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- electrodynamics;
- London equations;
- spin currents;
- charge expulsion;
- spin Meissner effect;
- angular momentum
Graphical Abstract
In this paper we extend the electrodynamic equations proposed earlier for the charge density and charge current to describe also the space and time dependence of the spin density and spin current. We also provide a `geometric' interpretation of the difference between type I and type II superconductors, discuss how superconductors manage to conserve angular momentum, discuss the relationship between our model and Slater's seminal work on superconductivity, and discuss the magnitude of the expected novel effects for elemental and other superconductors.
Abstract
In recent work we formulated a new set of electrodynamic equations for superconductors as an alternative to the conventional London equations, compatible with the prediction of the theory of hole superconductivity that superconductors expel negative charge from the interior towards the surface. Charge expulsion results in a macroscopically inhomogeneous charge distribution and an electric field in the interior, and because of this a spin current is expected to exist. Furthermore, we have recently shown that a dynamical explanation of the Meissner effect in superconductors leads to the prediction that a spontaneous spin current exists near the surface of superconductors (spin Meissner effect). In this paper we extend the electrodynamic equations proposed earlier for the charge density and charge current to describe also the space and time dependence of the spin density and spin current. This allows us to determine the magnitude of the expelled negative charge and interior electric field as well as of the spin current in terms of other measurable properties of superconductors. We also provide a `geometric' interpretation of the difference between type I and type II superconductors, discuss how superconductors manage to conserve angular momentum, discuss the relationship between our model and Slater's seminal work on superconductivity, and discuss the magnitude of the expected novel effects for elemental and other superconductors.