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Keywords:

  • amidation;
  • neurotoxins;
  • NMR spectroscopy;
  • peptides;
  • protein folding
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Building bridges: α-Conotoxins (C1–C3, C2–C4 disulfide pairing) adopt a globular conformation, whereas χ/λ-conotoxins (C1–C4, C2–C3 disulfide pairing) fold into a ribbon conformation. Amidation of the peptide C terminus has been shown to influence the folding (see picture) and hence the biological activity of conotoxins.