Multisegmented One-Dimensional Nanorods Prepared by Hard-Template Synthetic Methods

Graphical Abstract

Each component does its part: Multisegmented 1D nanostructures can be reliably synthesized within the micro- or nanosized pores of hard templates. When released from these templates (see picture), the individual components of these structures can be used to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. In this way, these single structures provide possibilities for novel applications and new directions in fundamental areas of study.

Abstract

In the science and engineering communities, the nanoscience revolution is intensifying. As many types of nanomaterials are becoming more reliably synthesized, they are being used for novel applications in all branches of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Since it is sometimes desirable for single nanomaterials to perform multiple functions simultaneously, multicomponent nanomaterials, such as core–shell, alloyed, and striped nanoparticles, are being more extensively researched. Nanoscientists hope to design multicomponent nanostructures and exploit their inherent multiple functionalities for use in many novel applications. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of multisegmented one-dimensional nanorods and nanowires with metal, semiconductor, polymer, molecular, and even gapped components. It also discusses the applications of these multicomponent nanomaterials in magnetism, self-assembly, electronics, biology, catalysis, and optics. Particular emphasis is placed on the new materials and devices achievable using these multicomponent, rather than single-component, nanowire structures.