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Aryl Calcium Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemical Behavior
Article first published online: 30 JAN 2007
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604192
Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Additional Information
How to Cite
Westerhausen, M., Gärtner, M., Fischer, R. and Langer, J. (2007), Aryl Calcium Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemical Behavior. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46: 1950–1956. doi: 10.1002/anie.200604192
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 MAR 2007
- Article first published online: 30 JAN 2007
- Manuscript Received: 13 OCT 2006
Funded by
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG)
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- calcium;
- direct synthesis;
- Grignard reagents;
- organocalcium chemistry;
- synthetic methods
Abstract
Organocalcium chemistry is still in its infancy. The direct synthesis of activated calcium and (substituted) iodobenzenes allows for the large-scale and high-yield synthesis of aryl calcium iodides. The influence of the substitution patterns of the phenyl group, halogen atom, and solvent is discussed. Aryl calcium iodides show a Schlenk equilibrium that enables the isolation of diaryl calcium derivatives. Owing to the high reactivity of aryl calcium halides, low temperatures have to be maintained throughout the preparative procedures in order to avoid side reactions. A decrease of reactivity and, hence, an enhanced stability at higher temperatures can be achieved by shielding of the calcium atom by increasing the coordination number of the metal center or by substitution of the iodide anion by bulky groups.