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Keywords:

  • heterogeneous catalysis;
  • IR spectroscopy;
  • nitrogen oxides;
  • Raman spectroscopy;
  • reaction mechanisms
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

What, where, when: A combination of both surface-sensitive (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, DRIFTS) and bulk-sensitive (Raman spectroscopy) detection at different catalyst-bed positions is shown to be a powerful tool to facilitate deeper understanding of complex dynamic surface and bulk processes, which occur widely in heterogeneous catalysis.