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Keywords:

  • erythropoietin;
  • glycopeptides;
  • glycoproteins;
  • native chemical ligation;
  • protein expression
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Highly expressive: Cell proliferation was observed with concentrations of an erythropoietin (EPO) analogue above 50 pg mL−1. The EPO analogue has two human complex-type sialyloligosaccharides (see picture) and was formed by the combined use of chemical synthesis and protein expression in E. coli. Both the 24- and 30-positions are glycosylated, but the two sialyloligosaccharides do not interfere with binding of the EPO analogue to a receptor.