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Review
Nanoparticles in Biological Systems
Article first published online: 10 JAN 2011
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906684
Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Additional Information
How to Cite
Stark, W. J. (2011), Nanoparticles in Biological Systems. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50: 1242–1258. doi: 10.1002/anie.200906684
Publication History
- Issue published online: 2 FEB 2011
- Article first published online: 10 JAN 2011
- Manuscript Revised: 23 FEB 2010
- Manuscript Received: 26 NOV 2009
Funded by
- ETH Zurich
- Swiss Department of Public Health (BAG)
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Gebert-Rüf
- ResOrtho Foundation
- Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- functional materials;
- nanomedicine;
- nanoparticles;
- pharmacology;
- toxicology
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in biological systems opens up new directions for medical treatments and is essential for the development of safe nanotechnology. This Review discusses molecules and nanoparticles when in contact with cells or whole organisms, with a focus on inorganic materials. The interaction of particles with biology unravels a series of new mechanisms not found for molecules: altered biodistribution, chemically reactive interfaces, and the combination of solid-state properties and mobility. Externally guided movement of medicaments by using functional nanomagnets brings mechanics into drug design. In subsequent sections, the role of inertness and bioaccumulation is discussed in regard to the long-term safety of nanoparticles.