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Keywords:

  • reactive ions;
  • ring-opening;
  • self-assembly;
  • surface modification
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Sticks and bonds: Surface-modifying agents can be functionalized with ionic groups that enable high exhaustion from a processing bath through electrostatic self-assembly. Using cyclic oniums as the ionic functional groups, thermally induced ring-opening converts the ionic bonds to covalent bonds, thus lending permanency to the modification of the surface.