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Keywords:

  • bond rupture measurements;
  • ligand–receptor interactions;
  • protein engineering;
  • protein–protein interactions;
  • single-molecule force spectroscopy
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Into low force regime: A universal molecular force probe for measuring by AFM the strength of receptor–ligand and protein–protein complexes was developed. The protein-based force probe has the sensitivity on the order of piconewtons and provides a single-molecule fingerprint for identifying mechanical rupture events of individual complexes (see picture).