- 1
- 1a
Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis (Eds.: E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, A. H. Yamamoto), Springer, Berlin, 1999, and Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis (Eds.: E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, A. H. Yamamoto), Springer, Berlin, 2003 (For Supplement I);
- 1b
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis (Ed.: I. Ojima), Wiley, New York 2000;
- 1c
New Frontiers in Asymmetric Catalysis (Eds.: K. Mikami, K. Lautens), Wiley, Hoboken, 2007;
- 1d
P. J. Walsh, M. C. Kozlowski, Fundamentals of Asymmetric Catalysis, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2009;
- 1e
E. J. Corey, L. Kürti, Enantioselective Chemical Synthesis, Direct Book Publishing, Dallas, 2010.
- 2
Recent reviews on organocatalysis:
- 2a
Asymmetric Organocatalysis, (Eds.: A. Berkessel, H. Gröger), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006;
- 2b
S. Mukherjee, J. W. Yang, S. Hoffmann, B. List, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5471; - 2c
A. G. Doyle, E. N. Jacobsen, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5713; - 2d
T. Akiyama, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5744; - 2e
D. W. C. MacMillan, Nature 2008, 455, 304; - 2f
D. Kampen, C. M. Reisinger, B. List, Top. Curr. Chem. 2009, 291, 395–456; - 2g
M. Terada, Curr. Org. Chem. 2011, 15, 2227. - 3
In contrast, various kinds of conformationally flexible organocatalysts have been developed, see Ref. [2] and references cited therein. For selected examples, see:
- 3a
Y. Sohtome, Y. Hashimoto, K. Nagasawa, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2005, 347, 1643; - 3b
J. M. Andés, R. Manzano, R. Pedrosa, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 5116; - 3c
X. Han, J. Kwiatkowski, X. Feng, K.-W. Huang, Y. Lu, Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 7740; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7604; - 3d
Y. Gao, Q. Ren, L. Wang, J. Wang, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 13068; - 3e
A. M. Flock, A. Krebs, C. Bolm, Synlett 2010, 1219; - 3f
R. Manzano, J. M. Andés, M. D. Muruzábal, R. Pedrosa, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2010, 352, 3364; - 3g
J. Luo, H. Wang, X. Han, L.-W. Xu, J. Kwiatkowski, K.-W. Huang, Y. Lu, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 1901; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1861; - 3h
W. Huang, C. Peng, L. Guo, R. Hu, B. Han, Synlett 2011, 2981; a review:
- 3i
Y. Sohtome, K. Nagasawa, Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7777. - 4
For an example on the importance of catalyst flexibility in metal-based enantioselective catalysis, see:
- 4a
S. J. Malcolmson, S. J. Meek, S. S. Elizabeth, R. R. Schrock, A. H. Hoveyda, Nature 2008, 456, 933; for excellent bidentate chiral ligands that enable slight conformational changes of the metal complexes, see: - 4b
R. Noyori, H. Takaya, Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 345; - 4c
R. Noyori, T. Ohkuma, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 40; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 40. - 5
For recent selected examples of asymmetric catalysis by conformationally dynamic peptide-based catalysts, see:
- 5a
S. J. Miller, G. T. Copeland, N. Papaioannou, T. E. Horstmann, E. M. Ruel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1629; - 5b
M. B. Fierman, D. J. O’Leary, W. E. Steinmetz, S. J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6967; - 5c
Y. Zhao, J. Rodrigo, A. H. Hoveyda, M. Snapper, Nature 2006, 443, 67. - 6
For recent reviews on small peptide-based asymmetric catalysis, see:
- 6a
A. H. Hoveyda, A. W. Hird, M. A. Kacprzynski, Chem. Commun. 2004, 1779; - 6b
J. T. Blank, S. J. Miller, Biopolymers 2006, 84, 38; - 6c
E. A. Colby Davie, S. M. Mennen, Y. Xu, S. J. Miller, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759; for selected examples of enantioselective catalysts comprising conformationally dynamic peptide-based ligands and metal cations, see: - 6d
A. W. Hird, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 14988; - 6e
L. C. Wieland, H. Deng, M. C. Snapper, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 15453; - 6f
P. Fu, M. C. Snapper, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5530. - 7
For other examples of asymmetric catalysis using rare-earth-metal/amide-based-ligand catalysts, see:
- 7a
A. Nishida, M. Yamanaka, M. Nakagawa, Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 1555; - 7b
Y. Sudo, D. Shirasaki, S. Harada, A. Nishida, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12588. - 8
T. Mashiko, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 14990. - 9
- 9a
Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry (Ed.: S. Cotton), Wiley, Hoboken, 2006; reviews:
- 9b
H. C. Aspinall, Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 1807; - 9c
H. Tsukube, S. Shinoda, Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 2389; - 9d
D. Parker, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2004, 33, 156; - 9e
L. Di Bari, P. Salvadori, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2005, 249, 2854, and references cited therein. - 10
Recent reviews on cooperative catalysis: Lewis acid/Brønsted base:
- 10a
M. Shibasaki, N. Yoshikawa, Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 2187; - 10b
N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 4856; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 4760; Lewis acid/Lewis base: - 10c
M. Kanai, N. Kato, E. Ichikawa, M. Shibasaki, Synlett 2005, 1491; - 10d
D. H. Paull, C. J. Abraham, M. T. Scerba, E. Alden-Danforth, T. Lectka, Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 655; Lewis acid/Brønsted acid and Lewis acid/Lewis acid: - 10e
H. Yamamoto, K. Futatsugi, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 1958; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1924; - 10f
H. Yamamoto, K. Futatsugi in Acid Catalysis in Modern Organic Synthesis (Eds.: H. Yamamoto, K. Ishihara), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2008; for recent selected examples of the cooperative catalysis of transition-metal catalysis and organocatalysis, see:
- 10g
C. Li, B. Villa-Marcos, J. Xiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6967; - 10h
T. Yang, A. Ferrali, F. Sladojevich, L. Campbell, D. J. Dixon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9140; - 10i
I. Usui, S. Schmidt, B. Breit, Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 1453; - 10j
A. Yoshida, M. Ikeda, G. Hattori, Y. Miyake, Y. Nishibayashi, Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 592. - 11
A. Nojiri, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3779. - 12
- 12a
T. Nitabaru, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 272; - 12b
T. Nitabaru, A. Nojiri, M. Kobayashi, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 13860. - 13
T. Nitabaru, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Molecules 2010, 15, 1280. - 14
A. Matsuzawa, T. Mashiko, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 7758; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 7616. - 15
A. Matsuzawa, A. Nojiri, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 5036. - 16
A. Nojiri, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 2179; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2137. - 17
- 17a
T. Negoro, M. Murata, S. Ueda, B. Fujitani, Y. Ono, A. Kuromiya, M. Komiya, K. Suzuki, J.-I. Matsumoto, J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 4118; - 17b
M. Kurono, I. Fujiwara, K. Yoshida, Biochemistry 2001, 40, 8216; - 17c
V. Bril, R. A. Buchanan, Diabetes Care 2004, 27, 2369; - 17d
M. Kurono, A. Fujii, M. Murata, B. Fujitani, T. Negoro, Biochem. Pharmacol. 2006, 71, 338; - 17e
N. Giannoukakis, Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs 2006, 7, 916; - 17f
T. Matsumoto, Y. Ono, M. Kurono, A. Kuromiya, K. Nakamura, V. Bril, J. Pharmacol. Sci. 2008, 107, 231. - 18
General reviews:
- 18a
J.-P. Genet, C. Greck, Synlett 1997, 741; - 18b
E. Erdik, Tetrahedron 2004, 60, 8747. - 19
For reviews of catalytic asymmetric electrophilic amination of carbonyl compounds, see:
- 19a
R. O. Duthaler, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 1005; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 975; - 19b
C. Greck, B. Drouillat, C. Thomassigny, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 1377; - 19c
J. M. Janey, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 4364; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4292; - 19d
C. Cativiela, M. Ordóñez, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2009, 20, 1. - 20
For the first examples of catalytic asymmetric α-amination of carbonyl compounds, see:
- 20a
D. A. Evans, S. G. Nelson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6452; - 20b
D. A. Evans, D. S. Johnson, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 595. - 21
For selected examples using metal-based catalysts, see:
- 21a
M. Marigo, K. Juhl, K. A. Jørgensen, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 1405; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 1367; - 21b
S. Ma, N. Jiao, Z. Zheng, Z. Ma, Z. Lu, L. Ye, Y. Deng, G. Chen, Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 2193; - 21c
C. Foltz, B. Stecker, G. Marconi, S. Bellemin-Laponnaz, H. Wadepohl, L. H. Gabe, Chem. Commun. 2005, 5115; - 21d
L. Bernardi, W. Zhuang, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5772; - 21e
Y. K. Kim, D. Y. Kim, Tetrahedron Lett. 2006, 47, 4565; - 21f
J. Comelles, A. Pericas, M. Moreno-Mañas, A. Vallribera, G. Drudis-Solé, A. Lledos, T. Parella, A. Roglans, S. García-Granda, L. Roces-Fernández, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 2077; - 21g
Y. Hasegawa, M. Watanabe, I. D. Gridnev, T. Ikariya, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2158; - 21h
J. Y. Mang, D. G. Kwon, D. Y. Kim, J. Fluorine Chem. 2009, 130, 259; - 21i
T. Ikariya, I. D. Gridnev, Chem. Rec. 2009, 9, 106; - 21j
Z. Yang, Z. Wang, S. Bai, K. Shen, D. Chen, X. Liu, L. Lin, X. Feng, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 6632; - 21k
S. Mouri, Z. Chen, H. Mitsunuma, M. Furutachi, S. Matsunaga, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1255; - 21l
Z. Yang, Z. Wang, S. Bai, X. Liu, L. Lin, X. Feng, Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 596. - 22
For selected examples using organocatalysts, see:
- 22a
S. Saaby, M. Bella, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 8120; - 22b
P. M. Pihko, A. Pohjakallio, Synlett 2004, 2115; - 22c
X. Liu, X. Li, L. Deng, Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 167; - 22d
X. Xu, T. Yabuta, P. Yuan, Y. Takemoto, Synlett 2006, 137;
- 22e
M. Terada, M. Nakano, H. Ube, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 16044; - 22f
Y. Liu, R. Melgar-Fernandez, E. Juaristi, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 1522; - 22g
S. H. Jung, D. Y. Kim, Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 5527; - 22h
R. He, X. Wang, T. Hashimoto, K. Maruoka, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 9608; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 9466; - 22i
Q. Lan, X. Wang, R. He, C. Ding, K. Maruoka, Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 3280; - 22j
X. Liu, B. Sun, L. Deng, Synlett 2009, 10, 1685;
- 22k
L. Cheng, L. Liu, D. Wang, Y.-J. Chen, Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 3874; - 22l
H. Konishi, T. Y. Lam, J. P. Malerich, V. H. Rawal, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 202; - 22m
X. Han, F. Zhong, Y. Lu, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2010, 352, 2778; - 22n
T. Bui, G. Herñandez-Torres, C. Milite, C. F. Barbas III, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5696. - 23
T. Mashiko, K. Hara, D. Tanaka, Y. Fujiwara, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11342. - 24
For selected reviews, see:
- 24a
D. Philp, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1242; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1154; - 24b
S. Leininger, B. Olenyuk, P. J. Stang, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 853; - 24c
F. Hof, S. L. Craig, C. Nuckolls, J. Rebek, Jr., Angew. Chem. 2002, 114, 1556; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1488; - 24d
M. Fujita, M. Tominaga, A. Hori, B. Therrien, Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38, 369; - 24e
Y.-R. Zheng, H.-B. Yang, K. Ghosh, L. Zhao, P. J. Stang, Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 7203; - 24f
J.-M. Lehn, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007, 36, 151; for recent intriguing examples of cooperative catalysis involving transition-metal catalysis and hydrogen-bond interaction, see: - 24g
T. Šmejkal, B. Breit, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 4010; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3946; - 24h
L. Diab, T. Šmejkal, J. Geier, B. Breit, Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 8166; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8022; - 24i
T. Šmejkal, D. Gribkov, J. Geiger, M. Keller, B. Breit, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 2470; - 24j
D. Fuchs, G. Rousseau, L. Diab, U. Gellrich, B. Breit, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 2220; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 2178. - 25
S. Kobayashi, S. Nagayama, T. Busujima, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8287. - 26
- 26a
T. Mashiko, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 2725; - 26b
M. Shibasaki, N. Kumagai, T. Mashiko, Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Dev. 2009, 12, 862. - 27
The cost of La(NO3)3⋅x H2O (x=3–5) is €261.5/500 g. The Clarke number of lanthanum is 0.0018, almost equally abundant as zinc (0.004) or boron (0.001). H-D-Val-OtBu (6) can be recovered by simple extraction.
- 28
- 28a
H. Eyring, J. Chem. Phys. 1935, 3, 107; - 28b
M. G. Evans, M. Polanyi, Trans. Faraday Soc. 1935, 31, 875; for the usage of the Eyring plot in asymmetric catalysis, see: - 28c
N. S. Josephsohn, K. W. Kuntz, M. L. Snapper, A. H. Hoveyda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11594. - 29
For catalytic asymmetric fluorination of N-unsubstituted α-tert-butoxycarbonyl lactams, see:
- 29a
T. Suzuki, T. Goto, Y. Hamashima, M. Sodeoka, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 246; for a partially successful 1,4 reduction of an unsaturated primary amide and the following enantioselective protonation by an asymmetric catalyst (1 example, 50 % ee), see: - 29b
Y. Ohtsuka, T. Ikeno, T. Yamada, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2003, 14, 967; for a review of enzymatic kinetic resolution of primary amides, see: - 29c
M.-X. Wang, Top. Catal. 2005, 35, 117, and references cited therein. - 30
For diastereoselective reactions using N-nonsubstituted α-alkoxycarbonyl amides as substrates, see:
- 30a
M. C. Kozlowski, E. S. DiVirgilio, K. Malolanarasimhan, C. A. Mulrooney, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005, 16, 3599; for catalytic transformations utilizing N-nonsubstituted α-alkoxycarbonyl amides, see: - 30b
J. Zhang, K. D. Sarma, T. T. Curran, D. T. Belmont, J. G. Davidson, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5890. - 31
- 31a
F. Berhal, S. Takechi, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 1915; for isolation and total synthesis of mycestericin F or G, see: - 31b
T. Fujita, K. Inoue, S. Yamamoto, T. Ikumoto, S. Sasaki, R. Toyama, K. Chiba, Y. Hoshino, T. Okumoto, J. Antibiot. 1994, 47, 216; - 31c
S. Sasaki, R. Hashimoto, M. Kiuchi, K. Inoue, T. Ikumoto, R. Hirose, K. Chiba, Y. Hoshino, T. Okumoto, T. Fujita, J. Antibiot. 1994, 47, 420; - 31d
T. Fujita, N. Hamamichi, M. Kiuchi, T. Matsuzaki, Y. Kitao, K. Inoue, R. Hirose, M. Yoneta, S. Sasaki, K. Chiba, J. Antibiot. 1996, 49, 846; - 31e
T. Fujita, N. Hamamichi, T. Matsuzaki, Y. Kitao, M. Kiuchi, M. Node, R. Hirose, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 8599; - 31f
K. Shibata, K. Shingu, V. P. Vassilev, K. Nishide, T. Fujita, M. Node, T. Kajimoto, C.-H. Wong, Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 2791. - 32
- 32a
T. Watanabe, T. Kawabata, Heterocycles 2008, 76, 1593; - 32b
B. M. Trost, M. Osipov, G. Dong, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1276. See also Ref. [22h]. - 33
Recent reviews on catalytic asymmetric α-hydroxylation of carbonyl compounds:
- 33a
H. Yamamoto, M. Kawasaki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2007, 80, 595; - 33b
P. Melchiorre, M. Marigo, A. Carlone, G. Bartori, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 6232; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6138; - 33c
T. Vilaivan, W. Bhanthumnavin, Molecules 2010, 15, 917, and references cited therein. - 34
For a catalytic asymmetric hydroxylation of β-keto esters, see:
- 34a
M. R. Acocella, O. G. Mancheño, M. Bella, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 8165; - 34b
C. Bonaccorsi, M. Althaus, C. Becker, A. Togni, A. Mezzetti, Pure Appl. Chem. 2006, 78, 391; - 34c
P. Y. Toullec, C. Bonaccorsi, A. Mezzetti, A. Togni, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 5810; - 34d
T. Ishimaru, N. Shibata, J. Nagai, S. Nakamura, T. Toru, S. Kanemasa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 16488; - 34e
D. S. Reddy, N. Shibata, J. Nagai, S. Nakamura, T. Toru, Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 817; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 803; - 34f
M. Lu, D. Zhu, Y. Lu, X. Zeng, B. Tan, Z. Xu, G. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 4562; - 34g
A. M. R. Smith, D. Billen, K. K. (M). Hii, Chem. Commun. 2009, 3925; for partially successful examples, see: - 34h
B. Gong, Q. Meng, T. Su, M. Lian, Q. Wang, Z. Gao, Synlett 2009, 16, 2659;
- 34i
J.-J. Jiang, J. Huang, D. Wang, M.-X. Zhao, F.-J. Wang, M. Shi, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2010, 21, 794; - 34j
A. M. R. Smith, H. S. Rzepa, A. J. P. White, D. Billen, K. K. (M). Hii, J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 3085. - 35
- 35a
F. A. Davis, U. K. Nadir, E. W. Kluger, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1977, 25; - 35b
F. A. Davis, J. Lamendola, Jr., U. Nadir, E. W. Kluger, T. C. Sedergran, T. W. Panunto, R. Billmers, R. Jenkins, Jr., I. J. Turchi, W. H. Watson, J. S. Chen, M. Kimura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2000; - 35c
F. A. Davis, B.-C. Chen, Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 919. - 36
S. Takechi, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 2140. - 37
- 37a
E. J. Corey, A. Guzman-Perez, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 402; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 388; - 37b
J. Christoffers, A. Mann, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 4725; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4591; - 37c
C. J. Douglas, L. E. Overman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 5363; - 37d
B. M. Trost, C. Jiang, Synthesis 2006, 369; - 37e
P. G. Cozzi, R. Hilgraf, N. Zimmermann, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 5969. - 38
General reviews on catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition:
- 38a
N. Krause, A. Hoffmann-Röder, Synthesis 2001, 0171; - 38b
M. P. Sibi, S. Manyem, Tetrahedron 2000, 56, 8033; - 38c
M. Kanai, M. Shibasaki in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis, 2nd ed. (Ed.: I. Ojima), Wiley, New York, 2000, pp. 569;
- 38d
M. Yamaguchi in Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis (Eds.: E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, H. Yamamoto), Springer, Heidelberg, 2003, Suppl. 1, p. 151;
- 38e
A. Alexakis, C. Benhaim, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 3221; - 38f
J. Christoffers, A. Baro, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 1726; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 1688; - 38g
S. B. Tsogoeva, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 1701. - 39
For selected examples of catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of α-substituted α-cyanocalbonyl pronucleophiles for the formation of quaternary stereogenic centers, see:
- 39a
M. Sawamura, H. Hamashima, Y. Ito, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8295; - 39b
M. S. Taylor, E. N. Jacobsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11204; - 39c
M. S. Taylor, D. N. Zalatan, A. M. Lerchner, E. N. Jacobsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1313; - 39d
H. Li, J. Song, X. Liu, L. Deng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8948; - 39e
K. Takenaka, M. Minakawa, Y. Uozumi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12273; - 39f
T.-Y. Liu, R. Li, Q. Chai, J. Long, B.-J. Li, Y. Wu, L.-S. Ding, Y.-C. Chen, Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 319; - 39g
B. Wang, F. Wu, Y. Wang, X. Liu, L. Deng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 768; - 39h
X. Wang, M. Kitamura, K. Maruoka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 1038; - 39i
M. Bell, T. B. Poulsen, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3053; - 39j
F. Marini, S. Sternativo, F. Del Verme, L. Testaferri, M. Tiecco, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1801; - 39k
H. Li, J. Song, L. Deng, Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 3139; a review: - 39l
S. Jautze, R. Peters, Synthesis 2010, 365. - 40
Y. Kawato, N. Takahashi, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1484. - 41
Recent reviews on direct Mannich reactions using unmodified pronucleophiles:
- 41a
M. Shibasaki, S. Matsunaga, J. Organomet. Chem. 2006, 691, 2089; - 41b
A. Ting, S. E. Schaus, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 5797; general reviews on catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions: - 41c
Ref. [37] and S. Kobayashi, M. Ueno in Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Suppl. 1 (Eds.: E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, H. Yamamoto), Springer, Berlin, 2003, chap. 29.5, p. 143;
- 41d
G. Friestad, A. K. Mathies, Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 2541; - 41e
M. Hatano, K. Ishihara, Synthesis 2010, 3785; - 41f
S. Kobayashi, Y. Mori, J. S. Fossey, M. M. Salter, Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 2626. - 42
For selected examples of catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds generating quaternary stereocenters, see:
- 42a
M. Marigo, A. Kjærsgaard, K. Juhl, N. Gathergood, K. A. Jørgensen, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2359; - 42b
Y. Hamashima, N. Sasamoto, D. Hotta, H. Somei, N. Umebayashi, M. Sodeoka, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 1549; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1525; - 42c
A. Ting, S. Lou, S. E. Schaus, Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2003; - 42d
A. L. Tillman, J. Ye, D. J. Dixon, Chem. Commun. 2006, 1191; - 42e
Y. Yamaoka, H. Miyabe, Y. Yoshizumi, Y. Takemoto, Synthesis 2007, 2571; - 42f
Z. Chen, H. Morimoto, S. Matsunaga, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2170; - 42g
M. Hatano, T. Maki, K. Moriyama, M. Arinobe, K. Ishihara, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 16858; - 42h
M. Hatano, T. Horibe, K. Ishihara, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3502; for selected examples of catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds generating tertiary stereocenters, see: - 42i
D. Uraguchi, M. Terada, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5356; - 42j
S. Lou, B. M. Taoka, A. Ting, S. E. Schaus, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11256; - 42k
J. Song, Y. Wang, L. Deng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6048; - 42l
N. Sasamoto, C. Dubs, Y. Hamashima, M. Sodeoka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14010; - 42m
T. Poisson, T. Tsubogo, Y. Yamashita, S. Kobayashi, J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 963. - 43
A. Nojiri, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5630. - 44
The reaction rate is accelerated in the presence of (S)-1 a, suggesting that hydrogen bonding promotes the reaction and enhances the stereodiscrimination at the transition state. For hydrogen bonding in peptide-based catalysts, see:
- 44a
G. T. Copeland, S. J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6496; - 44b
B. R. Sculimbrene, A. J. Morgan, S. J. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11653; - 44c
C. E. Jakobsche, G. Peris, S. J. Miller, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 6809; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6707, and references therein. - 45
A general review on the reversal of enantioselectivity using a single chiral source: T. Tanaka, M. Hayashi, Synthesis 2008, 3361, and references therein. - 46
For a notable example of an asymmetric catalyst that exhibits sharp enantio-switching depending on the assembly state of the catalyst, see: N. Kato, T. Mita, M. Kanai, B. Therrien, M. Kawano, K. Yamaguchi, H. Danjo, Y. Sei, A. Sato, S. Furusho, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6768. - 47
For selected examples of the reversal of enantioselectivity by different metals:
- 47a
Y. Nishibayashi, K. Segawa, K. Ohe, S. Uemura, Organometallics 1995, 14, 5486; - 47b
D. A. Evans, D. W. C. MacMillan, K. R. Campos, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10859; - 47c
M. Murakami, K. Itami, Y. Ito, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4130; - 47d
K. Yabu, S. Masumoto, S. Yamasaki, Y. Hamashima, M. Kanai, W. Du, D. P. Curran, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9908; - 47e
F. Bertozzi, M. Pineschi, F. Macchia, L. A. Arnold, A. J. Minnaard, B. L. Feringa, Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2703; - 47f
D. M. Du, S. F. Lu, T. Fang, J. Xu, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 3712; by additives: - 47g
S. Kobayashi, H. Ishitani, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4083; - 47h
K. V. Gothelf, R. G. Hazell, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5483; - 47i
M. Kawamura, S. Kobayashi, Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 3213; - 47j
B. M. Trost, A. Fettes, B. T. Shireman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2660; - 47k
F. Lutz, T. Igarashi, T. Kawasaki, K. Soai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12206; - 47l
J. Mao, Z. Zhang, R. Wang, F. Wu, S. Lu, J. Mol. Catal. A 2005, 225, 33; by temperature: - 47m
M. P. Sibi, U. Gorikunti, M. Liu, Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 8357; - 47n
C. P. Casey, S. C. Martins, M. A. Fagan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5585; by solvent: - 47o
M. Kanai, K. Koga, K. Tomioka, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1993, 1248; - 47p
M. Johannsen, K. A. Jørgensen, Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 7321; - 47q
J. Zhou, M. C. Ye, Z. Z. Huang, Y. Tang, J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5483; - 47r
S. Arseniyadis, A. Valleix, A. Wagner, C. Mioskowski, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 3376; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 3314; others: - 47s
N. Nomura, Y. C. Mermet-Bouvier, T. V. RajanBabu, Synlett 1996, 745; - 47t
D. A. Evans, M. C. Kozlowski, J. A. Murray, C. S. Burgey, K. R. Campos, B. T. Connell, R. J. Staples, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 669; - 47u
D. S. Clyne, Y. C. Mermet-Bouvier, N. Nomura, T. V. RajanBabu, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7601; - 47v
R. Kuwano, M. Sawamura, Y. Ito, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2000, 73, 2571; - 47w
O. Kitagawa, S. Matsuo, K. Yotsumoto, T. Taguchi, J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 2524; - 47x
Z. Shao, J. Wang, K. Ding, A. S. C. Chan, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349, 2375. - 48
Recent reviews on artificial on/off-type switchable catalysts regulated by photoirradiation and allosteric effector:
- 48a
L. Kovbasyuk, R. Krämer, Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3161; - 48b
R. S. Stoll, S. Hecht, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 5176; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 5054; - 48c
M. J. Wiester, P. A. Ulmann, C. A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 118; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 114; - 48d
A. Coskun, M. Banaszak, R. D. Astumian, J. F. Stoddart, B. A. Grzybowski, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 19; - 48e
Z. Dai, J. Lee, W. Zhang, Molecules 2012, 17, 1247. - 49
For leading examples of on/on-type switchable catalysts, see:
- 49a
X. Tian, C. Cassani, Y. Liu, A. Moran, A. Urakawa, P. Galzerano, E. Arceo, P. Melchiore, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17934; - 49b
J. Wang, B. L. Feringa, Science 2011, 331, 1429. - 50
Recent reviews on molecular machineries and molecular switches:
- 50a
V. Balzani, A. Credi, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 3484; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3348; - 50b
W. R. Browne, B. L. Feringa, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2006, 1, 25; - 50c
E. R. Kay, D. A. Leigh, F. Zerbetto, Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 72; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 72; - 50d
V. Balzani, A. Credi, M. Venturi, Molecular Devices and Machines, 2nd ed., Wiley, Weinheim, 2008; - 50e
J. F. Stoddart, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 1802; - 50f
J. Michl, E. C. H. Sykes, ACS Nano 2009, 3, 1042; - 50g
C. S. Vogelsberg, M. A. Garcia-Garibay, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 1892. - 51
For reviews of bimetallic cooperative catalysis, see:
- 51a
Multimetallic Catalysis in Organic Synthesis (Eds.: M. Shibasaki, Y. Yamamoto), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004;
- 51b
M. Shibasaki, S. Matsunaga, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2006, 35, 269; - 51c
M. Shibasaki, M. Kanai, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 2027. - 52
L. Henry, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 1895, 120, 1265. - 53
Recent reviews:
- 53a
M. Shibasaki, H. Gröger in Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Vol. III (Eds.: E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, H. Yamamoto), Springer, Berlin, 1999, pp. 1075–1090;
- 53b
F. A. Luzzio, Tetrahedron 2001, 57, 915; - 53c
C. Palomo, M. Oiarbide, A. Mielgo, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5558; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5442; - 53d
M. Shibasaki, H. Gröger, M. Kanai in Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis, Suppl. 1 (E. N. Jacobsen, A. Pfaltz, H. Yamamoto), Springer, Hidelberg, 2004, pp. 131–133;
- 53e
J. Boruwa, N. Gogoi, P. P. Saikia, N. C. Barua, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2006, 17, 3315; - 53f
C. Palomo, M. Oiarbide, A. Laso, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 2561; - 53g
S. E. Milner, T. S. Moody, A. R. Maguire, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 3059. - 54
Selected examples of syn-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reactions:
- 54a
H. Sasai, T. Tokunaga, S. Watanabe, T. Suzuki, N. Itoh, M. Shibasaki, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 7388; - 54b
Y. Sohtome, Y. Hashimoto, K. Nagasawa, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2894; - 54c
T. Arai, M. Watanabe, A. Yanagisawa, Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 3595; - 54d
Y. Sohtome, N. Takemura, K. Takada, R. Takagi, T. Iguchi, K. Nagasawa, Chem. Asian J. 2007, 2, 1150; - 54e
T. Arai, R. Takashita, Y. Endo, M. Watanabe, A. Yanagisawa, J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4903; for partially successful examples of syn-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reaction, see: - 54f
J. Yoshimoto, C. A. Sandoval, S. Saito, Chem. Lett. 2008, 37, 1294; - 54g
H. Y. Kim, K. Oh, Org. Lett. 2009, 11, 5682. - 55
D. Uraguchi, S. Sakaki, T. Ooi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 12392. - 56
For other examples of anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reactions, see:
- 56a
S. Handa, K. Nagawa, Y. Sohtome, S. Matsunaga, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 2008, 120, 3274; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3230; - 56b
D. Uraguchi, S. Nakamura, T. Ooi, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 7724; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 7562; - 56c
K. Lang, J. Park, S. Hong, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 1652; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1620. - 57
For partially successful examples of anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reactions, see:
- 57a
G. Blay, L. R. Domingo, V. Hernández-Olmos, J. R. Pedro, Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 4725; - 57b
H. Ube, M. Terada, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2009, 19, 3895; - 57c
A. Noole, K. Lippur, A. Metsala, M. Lopp, T. Kanger, J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 1313; - 57d
G. Blay, V. Hernández-Olmos, J. R. Pedro, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3058; for anti-selective nitroaldol reaction of benzaldehyde catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyase, see: - 57e
T. Purkarthofer, K. Gruber, M. Gruber-Khadjawi, K. Waich, W. Skranc, D. Mink, H. Griengl, Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 3532; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3454; - 57f
M. Gruber-Khadjawi, T. Purkarthofer, W. Skranc, H. Griengl, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007, 349, 1445. - 58
For synthesis and characterization of [Nd5O(OiPr)13], see: M. Kritikos, M. Moustiakimov, M. Wijk, G. Westin, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2001, 1931, and references cited therein. In contrast to the possible incomplete complexation with ligand because of nonordered aggregation state of Nd(OiPr)3, reproducible formation of the desired complex was anticipated with μ-oxo isopropoxide [Nd5O(OiPr)13]. [Nd5O(OiPr)13] is available from Kojundo Chemical Co. Ltd. http://www.kojundo.co.jp/English/index.html, Fax: (+81) 49-284-1351, e-mail: sales@kojundo.co.jp. - 59
- 59a
X. Zhao, X.-Z. Wang, X.-K. Jiang, Y.-Q. Chen, Z.-T. Li, G. J. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15128; - 59b
C. Li, S.-F. Ren, J.-L. Hou, H.-P. Yi, S.-Z. Zhu, X.-K. Jiang, Z.-T. Li, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 5871; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 5725; - 59c
C. Li, Y.-Y. Zhu, H.-P. Yi, C.-Z. Li, X.-K. Jiang, Z.-T. Li, Y.-H. Yu, Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 9990; - 59d
Y.-Y. Zhu, J. Wu, C. Li, J. Zhu, J.-L. Hou, C.-Z. Li, X.-K. Jiang, Z.-T. Li, Cryst. Growth Des. 2007, 7, 1490; - 59e
K. Tomita, S. Oishi, H. Ohno, N. Fujii, Biopolymers 2008, 90, 503. - 60
Recent reviews of chiral catalysts incorporated into metal–organic coordination frameworks:
- 60a
A. Baiker, J. Mol. Catal. A 1997, 115, 473; - 60b
O. M. Yaghi, H. Li, C. Davis, D. Richardson, T. L. Groy, Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 474; - 60c
P. J. Hagrman, D. Hagrman, J. Zubieta, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 2798; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2638; - 60d
A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, P. Hubberstey, W.-S. Li, M. A. Withersby, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 183, 117; - 60e
B. Moulton, M. J. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629; - 60f
B. Kesanli, W. B. Lin, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2003, 246, 305; - 60g
M. Studer, H. U. Blaser, C. Exner, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2003, 345, 45; - 60h
O. M. Yaghi, M. O’Keeffe, N. W. Ockwig, H. K. Chae, M. Eddaoudy, J. Kim, Nature 2003, 423, 705; - 60i
L. X. Dai, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 5846; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5726; - 60j
T. Mallat, E. Orglmeister, A. Baiker, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 4863. - 61
For selected leading examples of “self-supported” chiral catalysts comprising metal–organic coordination networks, see:
- 61a
T. Sawaki, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4793; - 61b
J. S. Seo, D. Whang, H. Lee, S. I. Jun, J. Oh, Y. J. Jeon, K. A. Kim, Nature 2000, 404, 982; - 61c
A. Hu, H. L. Ngo, W. Lin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 11490; - 61d
S. Takizawa, H. Somei, D. Jayaprakash, H. Sasai, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 5889; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 5711; - 61e
H. Guo, X. Wang, K. Ding, Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 2009; - 61f
Y. Liang, Q. Jing, X. Li, L. Shi, K. Ding, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7694. - 62
T. Nitabaru, N. Kumagai, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 1676; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1644. - 63
Reviews of catalytic asymmetric nitro-Mannich reactions:
- 63a
B. Westermann, Angew. Chem. 2003, 115, 161; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 151; - 63b
E. Marqués-López, P. Merino, T. Tejero, R. P. Herrera, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 2401. - 64
For selected examples of catalytic asymmetric nitro-Mannich reactions promoted by metal-based catalysts, see:
- 64a
K.-I. Yamada, S. J. Harwood, H. Gröger, M. Shibasaki, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3713; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3504; - 64b
K.-I. Yamada, G. Moll, M. Shibasaki, Synlett 2001, 0980; - 64c
N. Nishiwaki, K. R. Knudsen, K. V. Gothelf, K. A. Jørgensen, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 3080; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2992; - 64d
K. R. Knudsen, T. Risgaard, N. Nishiwaki, K. V. Gothelf, K. A. Jørgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5843; - 64e
A. Lee, W. Kim, J. Lee, T. Hyeon, B. M. Kim, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2004, 15, 2595; - 64f
J. C. Anderson, G. P. Howell, R. M. Lawrence, C. S. Wilson, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 5665; - 64g
B. M. Trost, D. W. Lupton, Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2023; - 64h
S. Handa, V. Gnanadesikan, S. Matsunaga, M. Shibasaki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 4900. - 65
For selected examples of catalytic asymmetric nitro-Mannich reactions promoted by organocatalysts, see:
- 65a
T. P. Yoon, E. N. Jacobsen, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 470; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 466; - 65b
X. Xu, T. Furukawa, T. Okino, H. Miyabe, Y. Takemoto, Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 466; - 65c
C. M. Bode, A. Ting, S. E. Schaus, Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 11499; - 65d
M. T. Robak, M. Trincado, J. A. Ellman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15110; - 65e
C.-J. Wang, X.-Q. Dong, Z.-H. Zhang, Z.-Y. Xue, H.-L. Teng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8606; - 65f
C. Rampalakos, W. D. Wulff, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350, 1785; - 65g
K. Takada, K. Nagasawa, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 345; - 65h
B. M. Nugent, Y. A. Yoder, J. N. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3418; - 65i
C. Palomo, M. Oiarbide, A. Laso, R. López, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 17622; - 65j
M. Rueping, A. P. Antonchick, Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 1731; - 65k
E. Gomez-Bengoa, A. Linden, R. López, I. Múgica-Mendiola, M. Oiarbide, C. Palomo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 7955; - 65l
X. Jiang, Y. Zhang, L. Wu, G. Zhang, X. Liu, H. Zhang, D. Fu, R. Wang, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 2096. - 66
R. Bloch, P. Le Perchec, F. Rouessac, J. M. Conia, Tetrahedron 1968, 24, 5971. - 67
A review: J. M. Conia, P. Le Perchec, Synthesis 1975, 1. - 68
For examples of catalytic asymmetric Conia-ene reactions, see:
- 68a
B. K. Corkey, F. D. Toste, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 17168; - 68b
Ref. [10h];
- 68c
S. Suzuki, E. Tokunaga, D. S. Reddy, T. Matsumoto, M. Shiro, N. Shibata, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 4207; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4131. - 69
For heterochiral association of metal complexes, see:
- 69a
M. Kitamura, S. Okada, S. Suga, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4028; - 69b
M. A. Masood, E. J. Enemark, T. D. P. Stack, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 973; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 928; - 69c
B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93, 1397; - 69d
T. W. Kim, M. S. Lah, J.-I. Hong, Chem. Commun. 2001, 743; - 69e
I. Alkorta, J. Elguero, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 1488; - 69f
C. G. Claessens, T. Torres, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14522; - 69g
T. J. Burchell, R. J. Puddephatt, Inorg. Chem. 2006, 45, 650; - 69h
A. Rang, M. Nieger, M. Engeser, A. Lützen, C. A. Schalley, Chem. Commun. 2008, 4789; - 69i
K. Schober, H. Zhang, R. M. Gschwind, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12310. - 70
For modulation of hydrogen-bond pattern by photoirradiation, see:
- 70a
S. Shinkai, K. Murata, J. Mater. Chem. 1998, 8, 485; - 70b
M. Moriyama, N. Mizoshita, T. Yokota, K. Kishimoto, T. Kato, Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1335; - 70c
M. Moriyama, N. Mizoshita, T. Kato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2006, 79, 962; - 70d
J. J. D. de Jong, P. van Rijn, T. D. Tiemersma-Wegeman, L. N. Lucas, W. R. Browne, R. M. Kellogg, K. Uchida, J. H. van Esch, B. L. Feringa, Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 8324; - 70e
M. T. W. Milder, J. L. Herek, J. Areephong, B. L. Feringa, W. R. Browne, J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 7717; - 70f
J. del Barrio, R. M. Tejedor, L. S. Chinelatto, C. Sánchez, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 1714; - 70g
M. Herder, M. Pätzel, L. Grubert, S. Hecht, Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 460; - 70h
H. Jin, Y. Zheng, Y. Liu, H. Cheng, Y. Zhou, D. Yan, Angew. Chem. 2011, 123, 10536; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 10352.