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Keywords:

  • graphene;
  • carcinogenicity;
  • inflammation;
  • nanoparticles;
  • toxicology
Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Sometimes shorter is better: The apparent similarity between multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and asbestos fibers has generated serious concerns about their safety profile. The asbestos-like pathogenicity observed for long, pristine nanotubes (NTlong, see scheme) can be completely alleviated if their effective length is decreased as a result of chemical functionalization, such as with tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG).